An in-depth guide for at-risk immigrants and their families
Trump’s 2025 Deportation Surge Non Criminals: Background, Data & Policy Shift
President Trump’s return to the White House in 2025 brought a dramatic shift in U.S. immigration enforcement. Whereas under prior administrations, including the Obama administration, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) largely focused on arresting those with criminal records, the new regime has cast a much wider net.
President Trump’s administration expanded enforcement programs, with federal officials and departments such as the Department of Homeland Security directing local agencies and sheriff’s office engaged in partnerships like 287(g) to actively participate in immigration enforcement.
Community policing, which emphasizes trust-building, has been increasingly replaced by routine policing practices that integrate immigration enforcement into everyday law enforcement activities. Local agencies, including the Tennessee Highway Patrol, have played a significant role in ICE operations, especially during traffic stops and raids. Federal agents have conducted more workplace and community raids, targeting illegal immigrants and resulting in significant impacts on local communities. Local officials have responded with a mix of resistance and cooperation to these new policies.
Non-criminal ICE detentions have spiked to unprecedented levels. In fact, before Trump took office again, only about 1 in 16 ICE detainees had no criminal charges or convictions – roughly 7%. Now, just months into 2025, about 1 in 4 ICE detainees (23%) have no criminal record at all.
Many of these detainees have no criminal convictions or pending charges, and there has been a notable increase in collateral arrests—individuals detained during enforcement actions who were not the original targets. This surge in non‑criminal ICE detentions (more than a 900% increase year-over-year) signals a huge policy shift toward indiscriminate interior enforcement, reflecting Trump’s focus on mass deportation and a call for more funding to support these expanded operations.
New data from NBC News highlights these trends, as deportation numbers continue to rise, especially with increased operations at the southern border and ramped-up border protection measures.
Why is this happening?
A big factor is the administration’s aggressive new deportation quotas. Internal directives in early 2025 ramped up ICE’s daily arrest target from about 1,000 to 3,000 per day. ICE officers have been under intense pressure from senior officials (reportedly including White House aide Stephen Miller) to “rapidly increase deportations”.
As a result, the total number of ICE detentions nationwide has more than doubled since late 2024. Enforcement agencies are making a concerted effort to find anyone in violation of immigration laws – not just those with serious criminal histories. This broad net means that foreign nationals from a wide range of countries are being targeted, regardless of their background.
Another shift is the rollback of earlier protections and priorities. Under President Biden, ICE had guidelines focusing on immigrants with serious criminal records or national security risks, and “protected areas” (like schools, churches, hospitals) were generally off-limits for enforcement. Those constraints have been rescinded. While the administration claims to prioritize individuals accused or convicted of violent crimes, many detainees have no such convictions or criminal histories.
In one of her first acts, Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem revoked the “protected areas” policy on January 21, 2025, meaning agents are no longer barred from making arrests at schools, places of worship, or other sensitive locations. Similarly, previous prosecutorial discretion practices were tossed out – ICE is no longer systematically exempting groups like long-time residents with U.S. children from removal. The administration has effectively declared that “anyone here unlawfully is fair game.”
This policy U-turn is evident in new programs that enlist local law enforcement. Under Section 287(g) of the INA, ICE can partner with sheriff’s offices and police departments to help carry out immigration arrests. These partnerships exploded in 2025: at the end of 2024 there were only 135 agreements in 25 states, but by May 28, 2025 that number had quadrupled to 628 agreements across 40 states. (As of June 11, it reached 649 agreements.)
In practical terms, this means many local police and highway patrol officers are now effectively acting as ICE agents in communities that never before had immigration enforcement on this scale. In Tennessee, for example, state troopers recently coordinated with ICE on traffic stop checkpoints that netted nearly 100 immigration arrests in a single day.
All told, the Trump deportation surge represents a massive ramp-up of interior enforcement. It’s not just rhetoric – it’s reflected in data and on-the-ground tactics. The table below summarizes some key changes:
| Enforcement Factor | 2021–2024 (Prior Policies) | 2025 (Trump’s New Policies) |
|---|---|---|
| Focus of ICE arrests | Primarily serious criminals and recent entrants | Broad net: any undocumented person is a target (non-criminals now 23% of arrests) |
| Daily ICE arrest quota | No formal quota (approx. 700–800/day) | 3,000 per day target set by White House |
| Local police ICE partnerships | ~135 agreements in 25 states (end of 2024) | 600+ agreements in 40 states (mid-2025) – local officers helping ICE |
| “Sensitive location” arrests | Generally avoided (per 2021 protected areas memo) | Allowed everywhere (schools, churches, courts no longer off-limits) |
| Public stance | “Deport felons, not families” messaging; emphasis on criminals | “Deport them all” approach; non-criminal ICE detentions openly acknowledged as part of strategy |
Table: Key differences in immigration enforcement before and during the 2025 Trump deportation surge.
Notably, this hardline approach has started to generate backlash in some unexpected places – even among Trump’s supporters and sectors of the economy. Farmers and business owners have complained that the crackdown is sweeping up valuable workers, leaving critical jobs unfilled. In a June 12 post on social media, President Trump himself admitted the policy was “taking very good, long-time workers away” from farms, hotels and the leisure industry, and he vowed to adjust the strategy to “protect our Farmers” while still “get[ting] the CRIMINALS OUT”.
In short, the administration is realizing that indiscriminate deportations come with economic and political costs. Nevertheless, as of now the official stance remains uncompromising – ICE will arrest anyone it encounters without status, regardless of criminal history. Many immigrant rights organizations, often led by an executive director, are responding to these policies by increasing advocacy and oversight efforts.
For immigrants at risk, these policy shifts mean it’s more important than ever to stay informed and prepared. The remainder of this guide will explain where and how ICE is targeting non-criminals, what your legal rights are, possible defenses and relief in deportation proceedings, and proactive steps to protect yourself and your family.
Introduction to Policy Shifts
The Trump administration has ushered in a new era of immigration enforcement, marked by sweeping policy changes designed to ramp up deportations and tighten control over the nation’s borders. Under President Donald Trump, the federal government has prioritized an aggressive approach to enforcing immigration laws, moving far beyond the strategies of previous administrations.
A cornerstone of this shift is the dramatic expansion of the 287(g) program, which empowers local law enforcement agencies to enforce immigration laws in partnership with federal authorities. This collaboration has led to a significant increase in ICE raids and detentions, with local law enforcement now playing a direct role in identifying and apprehending undocumented immigrants. As a result, nearly half of those detained in recent ICE operations have been non-criminal immigrants—individuals with no criminal convictions or charges.
The administration’s focus on broadening the scope of immigration enforcement has sparked widespread debate. Supporters argue that these measures are necessary to uphold the rule of law and protect public safety. However, critics warn that the aggressive approach is sweeping up long-time residents, separating families, and destabilizing immigrant communities. The surge in ICE raids and the targeting of non-criminal immigrants have raised serious questions about the impact on public safety, the economy, and the fabric of American society.
As the Trump administration continues to enforce immigration laws with unprecedented vigor, the effects are being felt in communities across the country. The following sections will explore how these policy shifts are reshaping the lives of immigrants, the role of local law enforcement, and the broader implications for public safety and the economy.
Impact on Immigrant Communities
The consequences of the Trump administration’s immigration enforcement policies have been deeply felt in immigrant communities nationwide. The increased presence of ICE agents and the expansion of local law enforcement agencies’ roles in enforcing immigration laws have created an atmosphere of fear and uncertainty. Many undocumented immigrants now live in constant anxiety, worried that any interaction with local law enforcement—even for minor issues or as victims of crime—could lead to detention or deportation.
This climate of fear has had a chilling effect on public safety. Undocumented immigrants are increasingly reluctant to report crimes, seek help from police, or access essential services such as healthcare and education. Community leaders and advocates warn that this undermines trust between immigrant communities and local law enforcement, making it harder for police departments to do their jobs and keep neighborhoods safe. The erosion of trust is particularly concerning in areas where local law enforcement agencies have entered into 287(g) agreements, as immigrants may view all officers as potential immigration agents.
The focus on detaining non-criminal immigrants has also sparked concerns about racial profiling and the targeting of individuals based solely on their perceived immigration status. Families are being separated, and long-time residents who have contributed to their communities for years are being swept up in ICE raids. The economic impact is significant as well, especially in industries that rely heavily on immigrant labor, such as agriculture, hospitality, and construction. Employers report sudden labor shortages and disruptions, while local economies feel the strain of losing valued workers.
Ultimately, the administration’s aggressive enforcement strategy has raised important questions about the effectiveness and fairness of current immigration laws. As local law enforcement agencies grapple with their dual responsibilities to enforce immigration laws and protect their communities, the debate continues over how best to balance public safety, economic needs, and the rights of immigrants. The ongoing enforcement surge underscores the urgent need for common sense immigration policy that addresses both security and humanity.
Where ICE Is Targeting Non-Criminals
Under the new dragnet, no location or population is truly “safe” from ICE enforcement. Reports from across the country show ICE agents and cooperating police are arresting immigrants in a wide range of places and situations that were previously less common. After arrest, individuals are often taken to detention facilities, where they may face prolonged detention regardless of their criminal history. Here are the main patterns emerging in this Trump deportation surge:
- Home and Early-Morning Raids: ICE still conducts targeted operations at homes, often in the early hours. What’s changed is that many with no criminal background are being caught up. Agents may arrive at your door seeking a specific person, but in the process they could detain others present if they suspect any undocumented status. This often results in collateral arrests of individuals not originally targeted for enforcement. If ICE comes to your home, remember they generally need a judicial warrant to enter – you have the right to refuse entry if they only have an ICE administrative warrant (more on rights in the next section).
- Workplace Sweeps and Raids: ICE workplace raids have surged in 2025, hitting restaurants, farms, factories, construction sites, and other job locations. Federal agents have conducted these operations, often arriving in tactical gear at shift changes or even during business hours. In one recent instance, agents in tactical gear raided a popular Italian restaurant in San Diego during the dinner rush, sending shockwaves through the community. In another, farm workers in a California field were chased down by ICE agents in broad daylight – a scene caught on video that underscored the new reality that even remote agricultural areas are being targeted. These raids often don’t distinguish between workers with criminal records and those with none. Longtime employees who have lived quietly in the U.S. for decades are being taken from their jobs, which is why industries like agriculture and hospitality are reeling from labor shortages.
Under the 2025 Trump deportation surge, ICE has extended its reach to workplaces, including farms and food industries, leading to reports of sudden labor shortages. Employers have voiced concern as ICE workplace raids remove reliable, long-time workers.
- Courthouses and Legal Appointments: No place is truly off-limits now – ICE agents have been making arrests at courthouses and even at immigration offices during check-ins. Previously, many states and cities complained when ICE staked out courthouses (since it deters people from accessing justice), and the practice was curbed. But in 2025 it’s back in force. ICE officers have been waiting in courthouse hallways and parking lots to grab individuals appearing for unrelated matters (like testifying in court or paying traffic tickets). The Washington Post reports that ICE is intentionally focusing on locations like courthouses because “they’re easy to locate and easy to grab” people. Even routine appointments with ICE (such as an ISAP check-in or annual deferred action review) can result in surprise detention – for example, in Chicago a mother of three was arrested at an ICE supervision office while her young son watched in tears. The heart-wrenching image of 5-year-old Eaden Loza crying as his mother was led away in shackles on June 4, 2025 became a symbol of this new dragnet.
- Traffic Stops & Highway Checkpoints: With so many new 287(g) agreements empowering local police as immigration enforcers, routine traffic stops have become a major feeder into ICE’s net. Advocates describe a scenario of “driving while immigrant” – being pulled over for a broken taillight or minor infraction and ending up in ICE custody. For instance, a 19-year-old college student in Georgia named Ximena Arias Cristóbal was stopped for turning right on a red light; when she couldn’t produce a U.S. driver’s license, local officers turned her over to ICE and she was jailed facing deportation. In Tennessee, as noted, state troopers actually coordinated a large sweep with ICE by setting up traffic stops on highways, resulting in scores of arrests in a single day. If you’re undocumented, even a simple traffic stop can escalate under these policies. Always carry any valid identification you have, know your rights to remain silent (don’t volunteer your immigration status), and if you are detained, insist on your right to speak to a lawyer.
- Public Spaces & “Easy Pickups”: ICE has broadened its tactics to scoop up people in public places where undocumented individuals are known to gather. Agents have been reported staking out day-labor pickup spots like home improvement store parking lots. In fact, ICE officials openly acknowledge targeting places like “outside of hardware stores” where day laborers seek work. Community centers, shelters, and bus stations near migrant communities have likewise seen enforcement activity. Under prior guidance, “sensitive locations” (including churches, hospitals, and schools) were generally avoided, but now those informal protections are gone. While we have not yet seen widespread church or school raids in 2025, advocates fear that no location is categorically off-limits. Parents have expressed anxiety about whether they can drop their kids at school or attend PTA meetings without risking arrest. So far, ICE appears more focused on places like courthouses, workplaces, and public streets – but the uncertainty itself has sowed fear.
- Community Raids & Mass Operations: In some areas, ICE has conducted large-scale sweeps with dozens or even hundreds of agents. In early June, for example, ICE executed a massive operation in Massachusetts that led to 1,500 arrests in just a couple of days, according to NBC News. Those swept up included construction workers, parents, and even an 18-year-old honors high school student arrested on his way to volleyball practice. The detention of that student, Marcelo Gomes da Silva, sparked outrage and protest rallies in his hometown of Milford, MA. High-school classmates demonstrated on his behalf, holding signs and pleading for his release. Similar community backlash has occurred in the Midwest – when a well-liked immigrant mother in Missouri was arrested by ICE, even neighbors who voted for Trump objected, saying “no one voted to deport moms”. These case studies underscore how the dragnet is now hauling in long-time community members with deep roots and no criminal records – and many have no criminal convictions or pending charges, raising concerns about the scope of enforcement and collateral arrests.
High school students protest the detention of their classmate in Milford, MA (June 2025). ICE’s expanded dragnet now targets young immigrants with clean records, sparking community outrage. Even Dreamers and students are vulnerable under the Trump deportation surge.
Emerging Threat: ICE Ending Court Cases to Bypass Judges
One of the most alarming developments in 2025 is that ICE is actively seeking dismissal of immigration court proceedings – not to help immigrants, but to remove the judge from the equation entirely. In hundreds of cases, ICE attorneys have asked immigration judges to terminate or dismiss open removal proceedings, then immediately rearrest the same immigrants to place them in expedited removal proceedings – a fast-track deportation process with no hearing, no judge, and virtually no chance for relief.
According to investigative reporting from CBS News, Oregon Public Broadcasting, and other outlets, this tactic has been increasingly used nationwide since April 2025, particularly against immigrants with pending relief claims in court. The aim is to avoid the growing backlog and assert more control over deportation timelines. Once a case is dismissed by the court, ICE is no longer constrained by court rules and can act unilaterally. This approach has contributed to rising deportation numbers, which are often cited as a measure of the administration’s enforcement priorities and the impact of expedited removal policies.
· In Oregon, a man with no criminal record and strong family ties had his case dismissed at ICE’s request and was re-detained the same day. Within 48 hours, he was on a plane back to Honduras — never allowed to speak to a judge.
· In Detroit, a mother with a pending asylum case had her case dismissed and was picked up at her son’s school just two days later. Despite years in the U.S. and no crimes, she was deported under expedited removal. Students and young people, including those in higher education, are also at risk of abrupt removal, which can disrupt their studies and future opportunities.
What is Expedited Removal?Expedited removal is a process that allows ICE officers (not judges) to deport certain immigrants without a hearing. It was initially limited to those arrested within 100 miles of the border who had been in the U.S. for less than 14 days. Under Trump, DHS has expanded this to cover anyone anywhere in the country who cannot immediately prove they’ve been in the U.S. continuously for more than two years. That means if ICE dismisses your case and re-arrests you, and you don’t have proof of 2+ years of presence, you could be deported in days – with no right to see a judge.
Legal Response and Advocacy ToolsImmigration advocates and legal groups, including the National Immigration Project (NIPNLG), have condemned this strategy as a due process violation. The executive director of many advocacy organizations plays a crucial role in leading these efforts, shaping policy responses, and coordinating community outreach. They urge immigrants and attorneys to oppose these dismissal motions unless it is strategically advantageous to the immigrant (such as when seeking a new form of relief through USCIS).
NIPNLG has published guidance for people representing themselves (pro se) in immigration court, including a template to oppose ICE’s motion to dismiss and an alert outlining the legal risks of dismissal followed by expedited removal.
What You Can Do
· If ICE or the government lawyer asks the court to dismiss your case, do not agree without talking to a lawyer. Even if the judge seems ready to grant it, you can ask for more time to consult counsel.
· Keep proof of your time in the U.S. – lease agreements, tax records, school records, medical visits – anything that shows you’ve lived here for over two years. This is critical to fight expedited removal.
· Consider filing a formal objection using resources like the NIPNLG template or by asking a legal aid group to help you respond.
· If your case is dismissed and ICE tries to arrest you again, tell them immediately that you fear persecution or torture in your home country. This may invoke “reasonable fear” proceedings and prevent instant removal.
For those seeking relief, temporary protection programs such as Temporary Protected Status (TPS) or humanitarian parole may offer a temporary legal status and work authorization, but these protections are limited in duration and can expire, potentially leaving individuals vulnerable to deportation if not renewed.
This disturbing new ICE tactic – ending court cases to sidestep the law – reflects how far the administration is willing to go to accelerate deportations, especially of non-criminal immigrants who were actively fighting their cases in court. Don’t let them take away your day in court. If ICE is trying to dismiss your case, fight it. You may be the only one standing between your future in the U.S. and deportation without due process.
In summary, ICE is casting a wider net than ever, and non-criminal immigrants are squarely in it. You should assume that any encounter with law enforcement or any appearance at a public institution could potentially result in an ICE check. This is not meant to induce panic, but rather to underscore the importance of caution and preparation. In the next sections, we’ll cover how to assert your legal rights & defensible tactics in these encounters, and what immigration attorney defense strategies might help if you or a loved one are detained.
Legal Rights & Defensible Tactics
Facing the threat of an ICE arrest is frightening, but even under today’s aggressive policies, immigrants have legal rights. How you act during an encounter can affect the outcome of your case later. Here we break down your fundamental rights and some defensible tactics to remember if ICE comes knocking – whether at your home, work, or in public. Federal agents, including ICE officers, may conduct these operations, sometimes as part of larger immigration enforcement actions.
- **You Have the Right to Remain Silent:**Anything you say to ICE can be used against you in deportation proceedings. If an agent begins to question you about your immigration status or place of birth, you do not have to answer. You can politely say, “I am exercising my right to remain silent.” Do not lie about your citizenship or provide fake documents – simply decline to respond. Importantly, do not reveal your country of origin or how you entered the U.S.; that information can be used to establish removability. Staying silent (aside from giving your real name if requested) is often the safest approach until you have an attorney present.
- Do Not Open Your Door Without a Warrant: ICE cannot forcibly enter your home without a warrant signed by a judge. Often, agents only have ICE administrative warrants (Form I-200 or I-205), which do not grant entry into a private home. If officers are at your door, you can speak through the door or a window. Ask them to show the warrant – have them slip it under the door or hold it up to a window. Check who signed it. If it’s not a judge’s signature, you can refuse them entry. You can simply say, “I do not consent to your entry.” Keep your door closed. Be aware: ICE may try to persuade or trick you (e.g., “we just want to talk” or pretending to be police investigating something). Stand firm. If they force their way in without consent or a judicial warrant, do not resist physically, but make it clear you do not consent to the search. (Your attorney can later use that fact in a defense – an egregious warrantless home entry might allow a motion to suppress evidence in court, as we’ll discuss shortly.)
- Right to Refuse Consent to Searches: Whether at home, in your car, or on your person, you can refuse to consent to any search. If ICE agents ask to look around your home, search your phone, or take your fingerprints (if you are merely a bystander and not under arrest), you can and should clearly state: “I do not consent to a search.” They might still proceed, but your refusal could help your lawyer argue later that any evidence they gather (for example, documents showing your foreign birth) should be thrown out. Always remain calm and polite when refusing – you want it noted that you did not agree voluntarily.
- If You Are Stopped on the Street: ICE agents (or deputized police) might stop people in public and ask questions. This can feel informal, but it’s serious. You have the same right not to answer questions. You can ask, “Am I free to leave?” If they say yes, you can walk away. If they say no or don’t respond, you should assume you’re being detained and repeat that you wish to remain silent. Do not flee or physically resist, as that could lead to criminal charges. Simply staying silent and not running is often the best course until you can get legal help.
- Carry “Know Your Rights” Materials: It’s a good idea to carry a card or paper that asserts your rights, especially if you are not fluent in English. Several immigrant advocacy groups provide “Know Your Rights” cards that you can hand to an officer which state that you will remain silent and want to speak to a lawyer. For example, the Immigrant Defense Project suggests language like: “I do not wish to speak with you or answer questions. I want to talk to a lawyer.” If you have one of these cards, you can present it to ICE in an encounter. This can help you stick to the plan without feeling pressured to respond on the spot.
- Do Not Sign Anything Without a Lawyer: One of the most important tips for what to do if ICE arrests you is never sign documents they give you without consulting an attorney. After an arrest, ICE may pressure you to sign a form – often these are stipulated removal orders or voluntary departure agreements, which waive your right to a hearing and fast-track your deportation. You might be told it’s a simple paperwork or that signing will get you out of detention faster. Don’t fall for it. You have the right to a hearing in front of an immigration judge in nearly all cases. By signing something, you could be giving up that right. Kindly say you won’t sign anything until a lawyer reviews it. This is critical for preserving any chance to fight your case. After an arrest, you may be taken to detention facilities, where you will await further proceedings.
- Ask for a Lawyer and Hearing: Make it clear to ICE that you want a lawyer. Even though immigration proceedings are civil (not criminal) and the government won’t provide a free lawyer, asserting this right can sometimes stop further interrogation. Also, explicitly state that you want a hearing with an immigration judge. ICE officers cannot deport you immediately if you’re entitled to see a judge (exceptions are if you have certain prior orders or recent illegal entries, but it’s still good to request a hearing). By voicing this, you reduce the risk of being misclassified for expedited removal. It signals to ICE that you intend to fight your case, and it puts on record that you are not waiving any rights.
- Document and Witness: If an arrest or raid is happening, and you or someone nearby can do so safely, document what you can. Note badge numbers, patrol car numbers, or any names you catch. If ICE searches your home, try to keep track of where they searched and what they took. If you’re witnessing someone else’s arrest (family or neighbor), you are allowed to film or photograph as long as you don’t interfere – though do so cautiously, since agents may react. Having a record of the encounter can be helpful later for an attorney to examine for legal violations. For example, video evidence that agents didn’t identify themselves or forced entry could support defense motions. Also, if there are any bystanders or family present, politely get their names/contact – they might serve as witnesses in court to describe any misconduct.
- Motions to Suppress Evidence: One powerful, though challenging, defense in immigration court is a motion to suppress. This is a request to the judge to throw out evidence that ICE obtained unlawfully – for instance, your statements or documents seized during an unconstitutional search or an egregious violation of your rights. While suppression is harder to win in immigration court than in criminal court (due to limited exclusionary rule protections), it’s not impossible. If ICE burst into your home without a warrant or consent, or stopped you solely based on racial profiling, your attorney can file a motion arguing that any evidence obtained (like your admissions about immigration status) should be excluded as a violation of the Fourth Amendment and Due Process rights. If key evidence is suppressed, the government’s case might collapse (for example, if they can’t prove alienage without your statements). Motions to suppress are complex and require an experienced immigration attorney to argue – but know that this is a potential defense tactic, especially as ICE pushes legal boundaries in the rush to deport. Even if suppression fails, raising the issue can sometimes lead ICE to agree to terminate a case or settle in other ways.
- Other Legal Challenges: Beyond suppression, lawyers might file motions to terminate proceedings if there are procedural flaws (for example, errors in the Notice to Appear paperwork) or if new policies are deemed unlawful. There is active litigation against some Trump policies (e.g. advocates have challenged the removal of sensitive-location protections, and a court in Maryland even issued a preliminary injunction in early 2025 to halt courthouse arrests in that jurisdiction). While these high-level lawsuits are beyond an individual’s control, your immigration attorney defense strategy can certainly piggyback on them. For instance, if there’s an injunction in effect, your lawyer can argue ICE violated it in your case. Always inform your attorney of exactly how your arrest happened; seemingly minor details (like ICE posing as local police, or failing to advise you of certain rights) could open up a defense angle. Understanding federal immigration laws is essential, as these laws determine both your rights and the procedures that federal agents and ICE must follow during enforcement actions.
- Community Support & Advocacy: “Defensible tactics” aren’t only in the courtroom. Public pressure and advocacy can sometimes influence the outcome of an immigration case. We’ve seen examples: community outcry in Massachusetts over the student’s arrest brought media attention and political scrutiny. In some cases, ICE has exercised discretion to release individuals (or at least grant a stay) when there’s a strong local uproar or sympathetic publicity. While you should be careful and discuss with a lawyer before seeking media attention (since public exposure is a double-edged sword), do know that you’re not alone. Local immigrant rights groups, faith communities, and even sympathetic elected officials can provide support. If a loved one is detained, reach out to local advocacy organizations – they may help organize letter-writing campaigns, vigils, or involve the press to highlight unjust cases. This kind of advocacy doesn’t replace legal defenses, but it can bolster them, potentially convincing ICE or an immigration judge that you’re an integral part of the community who deserves consideration.
Simplified overview of the deportation process under current policy. After an ICE arrest, an immigrant is typically held in detention and scheduled for immigration court hearings. In court, one can apply for legal relief to fight deportation. If relief is granted, the person can stay in the U.S.; if not, a deportation (removal) order will be issued. It’s crucial to utilize every legal defense available at each stage to avoid the final outcome of removal.
Knowing and asserting your rights can make a significant difference. Many immigrants report that ICE officers back down or change approach once they see someone knows the rules. Of course, rights only go so far – ultimately, you may still find yourself in deportation proceedings. At that point, the focus shifts to fighting your case through any available legal channels. In the next section, we’ll explore possible relief and litigation strategies that immigrants (especially those with no criminal history) can pursue to avoid deportation despite the odds.
Proactive Legal Planning
You don’t have to wait until an ICE agent is at your door to take action. In fact, preparation and planning are essential given the current climate. Here are steps you can take now to safeguard your rights and your family’s well-being, as well as what to do if the worst happens and you or a loved one is detained:
- Know Your Risk Profile: Evaluate your personal situation. Do you have a prior removal or deportation order? (If yes, you could be picked up at any time as a so-called “fugitive.” Consider consulting a lawyer about reopening the old case.) Have you ever been arrested or convicted of anything, even a minor offense? (If yes, that puts you higher on ICE’s radar under Trump’s policies – resolve any outstanding warrants and have paperwork showing completion of any sentence or probation.) Are you a recent arrival (e.g. entered in the last 2 years)? (If yes, you might be subject to fast-track removal like expedited removal – know that process is different.) Conversely, if you’ve been here 15-20 years with no criminal record, you were relatively low priority before, but now even you are at risk – however, you likely also have more equities (family, community ties) to argue in your favor. Understanding your own risk factors will help you decide how urgently to take certain precautions.
- Emergency Plan for Family: Every at-risk immigrant should have a basic emergency plan. This includes: power of attorney documents to designate someone you trust to take care of your children or handle your finances if you are detained. Make sure a reliable friend or family member knows how to access your house and bank funds if needed to pay for bonds or legal fees. If you have U.S. citizen children, consider obtaining passports for them (so they have the option to travel to you or abroad if you are deported). Keep important documents in an accessible place – birth certificates, marriage certificates, medical records, immigration paperwork (like receipts or any prior applications). Tell a family member where these documents are, so they can grab them if needed to help your case. Have a list of emergency contacts – including an immigration attorney’s number and local immigrant support organization – written down (don’t rely on just a cell phone, as it might be taken or dead when you need it).
- Save Money for a Bond or Legal Fund: It’s wise to set aside some savings if possible, in case you need to pay an immigration bond. When ICE detains someone, they may set a bond amount for release (or you can request one from a judge). Bonds for immigrants (if granted) typically range from $1,500 to $10,000 or more, depending on the case. Having cash ready or friends who can pool money could get you or your loved one out of detention faster. Likewise, attorney fees for removal defense can be several thousand dollars. Consider this an investment in protection – even a consultation fee now to discuss your options is worth it. Some nonprofit legal services offer low-cost help; identify them now, not when you’re in a panic.
- Keep Proof of Your Life Here: One day you may need to convince an immigration judge that you deserve to stay. Start gathering evidence of your positive contributions and ties: letters from your children’s teachers, your church, your employers; records of paying taxes (if you have with an ITIN); any community service or volunteer work; certificates or diplomas from courses you’ve taken. Also, evidence of your family’s hardships – for instance, if a child has a medical condition or special needs, keep doctor’s letters and therapy reports. These items can be pure gold in cancellation of removal cases or discretionary decisions. Make a folder and keep updating it. It’s much easier to collect this over time than scrambling after you’ve been detained.
- Stay Informed and Connected: Policies are evolving. Follow reputable immigrant rights organizations or news sources. Attend local “Know Your Rights” workshops – many nonprofits and churches host them, often in multiple languages. The more you know, the calmer you’ll be if something happens. Also, connect with your community. It helps to have people who will notice if you’re missing and will speak up for you. For example, if you don’t show up to work one day, does your employer know how to reach your family? Make sure someone would raise an alarm if you vanished – sometimes community pressure can expedite finding a detainee or push ICE to release someone.
- Identify Allies in Local Government: Some cities and counties still uphold “sanctuary” policies to some extent. Know if your local police participate in 287(g) or honor ICE detainers – this is public information (local advocacy groups or ACLU chapters often have lists). Local agencies, such as police departments and sheriff’s offices, may cooperate with federal immigration enforcement, including participating in immigration raids or honoring ICE detainers, so it is important to know their policies. If your sheriff does not work with ICE, that’s good (it means if you end up in local jail, they might not hold you for ICE). If they do, be extra cautious and perhaps avoid any situations that could lead to arrest (even minor traffic things – e.g., fix that broken taillight, don’t drive without a license if your state offers a driving card for undocumented people, get it). Also, be aware that some state laws provide rights – for instance, California’s laws limit what employers can allow ICE to do during workplace raids (like not letting ICE into non-public areas without a warrant). If you know your state’s laws, you can politely remind your employer of them. Similarly, some states have passed laws requiring ICE to have a judicial warrant to make courthouse arrests – if you live in one of those states, your lawyer can invoke that if you’re arrested at a courthouse. Leverage any local protections to your advantage. In some areas, community policing is emphasized, focusing on building trust and cooperation with immigrant communities, which can be very different from enforcement-focused strategies like 287(g) that may erode community trust.
- If You’re Worried – Talk to an Attorney Now: Many people wait until they’re in removal proceedings to seek legal counsel. Given the current risk, consider having a consultation with an immigration attorney preemptively. An experienced lawyer can review your history confidentially and spot if you have any existing avenues for relief or any vulnerabilities. They might discover, for example, that unbeknownst to you, an old relative’s petition could grandfather you under 245(i) for adjustment, or that you derived U.S. citizenship through a parent (it happens!). Or they might advise you to file for something affirmative now (like asylum if still within a year or a family petition if you married a U.S. citizen) to strengthen your position. On the flip side, if you have a prior deportation, a lawyer might strategize filing a motion to reopen it before ICE comes, to get you back into a safer status. These are individualized answers – hence, a legal consult is invaluable. Many attorneys offer low-cost initial consultations. It’s much better to go in informed than to be scrambling from a detention center.
- Consider Relief Options: If you are eligible for any form of relief, such as asylum, family petitions, or other humanitarian programs, discuss these with your attorney. Some individuals may qualify for temporary protection programs, such as Temporary Protected Status (TPS) or humanitarian parole, which provide temporary legal status and work authorization. However, be aware that these forms of temporary protection can expire, and loss of status may lead to possible deportation if no other relief is available.
Finally, let’s address directly the crucial question: what to do if ICE arrests you or a loved one. Having a step-by-step plan can make a frightening situation more manageable.
What to Do If ICE Arrests You:
- Stay Calm and Respectful: Do not resist physically or aggressively. Keep your hands where agents can see them. Panicking can only make things worse. Take deep breaths and remind yourself of your rights. Federal agents, such as those from ICE, may be involved in your arrest.
- Do Not Answer Questions or Sign Papers: As emphasized earlier, you have the right to remain silent. Provide your name and nothing more. If they ask about immigration status or place of birth, respectfully decline to answer. Definitely do not sign anything without a lawyer’s advice – no “voluntary return” forms, nothing.
- Invoke Your Right to a Lawyer: Say clearly, “I want to speak to a lawyer.” Even though the government won’t appoint one for you, this statement should stop further questioning. ICE may try to keep interviewing you; just keep repeating that you won’t answer questions until you can talk to an attorney.
- Contact Your Family or Attorney ASAP: After arrest, you will likely be transported to a detention facility managed by ICE or other federal officials. You are allowed to make a phone call once at a detention facility. Memorize at least one phone number of a family member or attorney. When you call, give your Alien Registration Number (A#) if you know it, or any other info so they can locate you. Family should use ICE’s Online Detainee Locator System to find where you’re detained and your inmate number. They can also call the ICE detention center or field office. If you have a lawyer, contact them immediately; if not, family can reach out to nonprofits or the American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA) referral service for an attorney who can visit the detention center.
- Request a Bond Hearing: In many cases, you’ll be eligible for release on bond. Either ICE will set a bond or you can request one from the immigration judge. Tell your family to be ready to pay bond if it’s set – having you out of detention will greatly improve your ability to fight the case. At the first court hearing, if you’re detained, ask the judge for a bond hearing if ICE hasn’t given one. Be prepared to show you are not a flight risk or danger (family ties, no criminal record, etc.).
- Prepare for Your Defense: Once you have an attorney (or even from detention if you don’t yet), start collecting evidence for your case. Write down the story of your life here – how long you’ve been here, family, work history. No detail is too small. Also, write down the details of your arrest while it’s fresh – time, place, any misconduct by officers – and give this to your lawyer; it could be useful for motions to suppress or other defenses.
- Take Care of Your Mental Health: Immigration detention and facing deportation is extremely stressful. Use any available support – religious faith, meditative practices, phone calls to loved ones for emotional support. Some detention centers have social workers or chaplains – don’t be afraid to talk to them. Staying strong mentally will help you get through the fight. If you have concerns about your treatment or conditions, federal officials oversee detention facilities and can be contacted through appropriate channels.
Frequently Asked Questions: The 2025 Trump Deportation Surge Targeting Non-Criminal Immigrants
What is the “Trump Deportation Surge” in June 2025?
The Trump Deportation Surge refers to a dramatic increase in ICE arrests and removals of immigrants with no criminal convictions. Under new policy directives and operational changes, ICE has shifted focus from primarily targeting immigrants with criminal records to aggressively detaining and deporting long-time residents, asylum-seekers, and even immigrants with pending legal relief or court hearings. This surge has been described as a form of mass deportation, with significant social and community implications, as reported by NBC News.
How much have non-criminal ICE arrests increased in 2025?
Before January 2025, non-criminal immigrants made up roughly 7% of ICE arrests. By June 2025, that figure has surged to approximately 23%, according to federal data and reporting. This reflects a major operational shift away from prioritizing public safety threats and is evident in the rising deportation numbers tracked by NBC News.
Who is at highest risk of arrest under this new policy?
- Immigrants with old deportation orders
- Asylum-seekers awaiting hearings
- DACA recipients with lapsed renewals
- TPS holders whose status expired
- Immigrants with pending petitions (e.g., I-130, I-485)
- People with no legal status but no criminal record
- Immigrants who miss a court date, even unintentionally
- Foreign nationals present in the U.S. without valid status are also being targeted under these enforcement priorities.
Is ICE now arresting immigrants with pending immigration court cases?
Yes. In a concerning trend, ICE is asking immigration judges to dismiss open cases in court so they can re-arrest those immigrants and place them into expedited removal—a process that bypasses a judge entirely and leads to rapid deportation.
What is expedited removal and why is it dangerous?
Expedited removal allows ICE to deport certain undocumented immigrants without a hearing before an immigration judge. Noncitizens arrested within the U.S. who can’t prove they’ve been physically present for at least 2 years may be subjected to this process. It denies most due process protections and can result in wrongful deportation.
Why is ICE seeking to dismiss people’s immigration court cases?
By dismissing cases from immigration court, ICE regains custody over individuals who would otherwise have procedural protections while awaiting hearings. Once cases are dismissed, ICE can detain and deport people quickly through expedited removal.
Can ICE deport someone with a pending I-130 or I-485?
Yes, unless they have active protection like a stay of removal or Temporary Protected Status (TPS). Having a pending petition (family-based or employment-based) doesn’t stop deportation unless it has been approved and the person has taken further steps (like adjustment of status or consular processing) with USCIS or the court. Temporary protection programs such as TPS can provide relief, but their expiration may lead to renewed risk of deportation.
What signs should immigrants watch for to detect enforcement risks?
- Increased ICE presence at courthouses, probation offices, and worksites
- ICE agents visiting homes early in the morning
- Surveillance near shelters, schools, or churches
- Notices to appear in court suddenly canceled or withdrawn
- USCIS or EOIR denying motions or cases without explanation
- Rumors or reports of raids in local communities
Are ICE raids at worksites and homes increasing?
Yes. ICE has resumed workplace enforcement actions and is conducting home arrests in coordination with local law enforcement and federal court officers. Some reports indicate agents using deceptive tactics to enter homes or detain individuals. These raids are often carried out by federal agents under the direction of federal officials, as highlighted by NBC News.
Do you have to let ICE into your home?
No, not without a signed warrant issued by a judge. ICE often presents administrative warrants (Form I-200 or I-205), which do not authorize home entry. You are not required to open the door unless ICE has a judicial warrant signed by a federal judge.
What legal defenses exist for someone arrested without a criminal record?
- Motion to suppress evidence obtained unlawfully
- Asylum, withholding of removal, or CAT protection
- Cancellation of removal (LPR or non-LPR)
- Adjustment of status based on approved family petition
- DACA (if still valid) or TPS
- U Visa or VAWA-based relief
- Deferred action or humanitarian parole (rare)
Can someone challenge expedited removal?
In limited circumstances, yes. If you can show fear of returning to your home country, you must be referred for a “credible fear interview.” However, this process is often rushed and outcomes vary. An experienced immigration lawyer can file motions or appeals if rights were violated.
How can someone challenge ICE’s motion to dismiss their court case?
Noncitizens or their lawyers can file an opposition to ICE’s motion to dismiss, citing due process rights, eligibility for relief, and risk of expedited removal. Legal templates and advocacy resources are available through organizations like the National Immigration Project (NIPNLG).
If my case was dismissed by the judge, am I now undocumented?
Yes, once your case is dismissed and if you don’t have another form of valid status or protection, you’re considered removable and ICE may target you for arrest and removal.
How fast can ICE deport someone under expedited removal?
Expedited removal can occur within days or hours if ICE determines the person is ineligible for relief. There’s no requirement for a court hearing unless the person expresses fear of persecution or applies for protection.
Can family members visit someone held in ICE detention?
It depends on the detention center’s policies. Some allow scheduled visits; others only permit video calls. Many family members are denied visitation rights due to space, policies, or COVID-era restrictions still in effect in some facilities. The expansion of detention facilities under recent enforcement policies has also affected visitation and detainee conditions.
How can I find out if someone has been detained by ICE?
You can check ICE’s Online Detainee Locator System using the person’s Alien Number (A#) or full name and birthdate. Note: This system is not always up to date.
What should I do if ICE detains someone I know?
- Contact an immigration lawyer immediately
- Do not sign any documents without legal advice
- Try to obtain the detainee’s A# and location
- Prepare documentation that may help their release (family ties, community involvement, hardship letters)
- Consider requesting a bond hearing if they are eligible
Can someone in ICE custody get a bond hearing?
Possibly. Not everyone is eligible, especially those with certain criminal records or who are in expedited removal. But if eligible, a bond hearing before an immigration judge may be requested to seek release while their case proceeds.
Can ICE detain DACA recipients or TPS holders?
Yes, particularly if their status has expired or if ICE challenges its validity. Individuals should keep their status and documentation current, and carry proof of valid protection at all times.
How are immigration courts involved in this surge?
Some courts are cooperating with ICE to fast-track case closures. Instead of hearing immigrants’ legal claims, judges are dismissing pending cases at ICE’s request, enabling ICE to detain and deport individuals with fewer procedural steps.
Can community groups or sanctuary networks help?
Yes. Local advocacy groups may offer rapid response hotlines, legal referrals, or sanctuary housing. Some cities have non-cooperation policies with ICE, and these networks can help connect immigrants to local protections and legal defense coalitions. The executive director of these organizations often plays a key role in guiding advocacy efforts and community outreach.
What steps should I take to protect myself and my family?
- Create a safety plan with trusted contacts
- Prepare important documents and store them securely
- Carry proof of any valid immigration status or application receipt
- Avoid signing anything from ICE without a lawyer
- Attend all USCIS and court appointments unless advised otherwise
- Know your rights in an encounter: stay silent, don’t open the door, and ask for a lawyer
What is a motion to suppress and how can it help?
A motion to suppress asks the immigration court to exclude evidence (like identity documents or admissions) obtained unlawfully, such as through illegal entry into a home or coercion. If successful, it can lead to termination of the case.
What organizations offer legal help for deportation defense?
- National Immigration Project (NIPNLG)
- American Immigration Council
- Immigrant Legal Resource Center (ILRC)
- Catholic Legal Immigration Network, Inc. (CLINIC)
- ACLU Immigrants’ Rights Project
- Local bar associations or legal aid societies
Should I consult an immigration attorney now even if I’m not yet in removal proceedings?
Absolutely. Proactive legal planning is essential. An attorney can review your situation, check for relief eligibility, advise on status renewals, and prepare strategies in case you are detained or approached by ICE.
Why is it especially important to have legal representation in 2025?
Due to aggressive ICE enforcement, reduced court protections, and expanded use of expedited removal, having a qualified immigration attorney could mean the difference between being deported and winning legal status. Legal advocacy is often the only barrier to unjust removal.
What are ICE’s enforcement priorities now?
While ICE claims to focus on individuals accused or convicted of violent crimes, NBC News and other reports show that many detainees have no such convictions. In fact, a significant portion of those detained have no criminal history at all.
Who is being detained and how?
Many individuals detained by ICE have no criminal convictions or even pending charges. Collateral arrests—where people without criminal records are detained during enforcement operations—are increasingly common, raising concerns about the scope of ICE’s actions.
How large is the scale of enforcement?
The scale of enforcement is reflected in rising deportation numbers, with thousands of removals occurring monthly as reported by NBC News.
What happens after someone is arrested by ICE?
After arrest, individuals are typically transferred to detention facilities, where they may face prolonged detention while their cases are processed.
Who conducts ICE raids and enforcement actions?
ICE raids and enforcement actions are carried out by federal agents, often under the direction of federal officials from agencies such as ICE and the Department of Homeland Security.
What policy shift has occurred under Trump?
The current administration has shifted toward mass deportation policies, aiming to remove large numbers of undocumented immigrants through aggressive enforcement.
How is local law enforcement involved?
Local law enforcement agencies are increasingly collaborating with ICE, and routine policing activities such as traffic stops are now being used as opportunities for immigration enforcement.
What is happening at the border?
There is a renewed emphasis on border protection, with increased military and law enforcement presence at the southern border. These measures are intended to deter illegal crossings and enhance border security.
What is the historical context for these policies?
Many of the current enforcement strategies were first implemented during the first Trump administration, setting the tone for subsequent actions and policies.
Is there enough funding for these enforcement efforts?
There are ongoing calls for more funding to support expanded deportations, border security, and the growth of detention facilities, as highlighted in recent NBC News coverage.
How are foreign nationals affected?
Foreign nationals are significantly impacted by these policies, facing increased risk of detention and deportation under the expanded enforcement measures.
How are students and universities affected?
International students and higher education institutions are also affected, with changes to visa policies and enforcement actions impacting university funding and the attractiveness of U.S. higher education for foreign nationals.
Are there any relief options for those at risk?
Some individuals may qualify for temporary protection programs such as TPS or humanitarian parole, but these are limited and often subject to expiration or policy changes.
If you or a loved one is concerned about the Trump 2025 Deportation Surge, now is the time to seek legal advice and prepare a safety plan. Reach out to experienced immigration attorneys and local support networks who can help protect your rights.
Do I Need a Lawyer?
Remember, you are not alone. Hundreds of thousands of immigrants are navigating this same Trump deportation surge. While the situation is tough, there is a growing network of support – from legal service providers to community groups – all dedicated to helping at-risk immigrants.
If you or your family are in need of guidance, reach out to an experienced immigration attorney. Our firm has extensive experience in deportation defense, from filing motions to suppress unlawful evidence to arguing asylum and cancellation of removal cases. We understand what’s at stake for you and your loved ones. In this climate, having a dedicated legal team on your side can make all the difference.
Contact us for a consultation if you have questions about your status or what you can do to protect yourself. We can help you craft a personalized plan, whether it’s proactive legal planning (like filing for relief preemptively) or rapid response if an arrest occurs. The laws may be harsh, but we will explore every avenue to keep you and your family together in the United States.
Stay informed, stay prepared, and don’t give up hope. With knowledge of your rights and a solid support system, you can navigate and resist the worst effects of this deportation crackdown. Remember that even in the face of strict enforcement, the law provides options and every case is unique – you may well have more defenses than you realize. Stay strong and reach out for help when needed. Your community and legal advocates are here for you.
Why You Should Consult Attorney Richard Herman Today
In this new era of aggressive enforcement, no one is safe simply because they’ve stayed out of trouble. The Trump administration’s 2025 surge in ICE arrests shows that even long-time, law-abiding immigrants—with families, jobs, and community ties—can suddenly find themselves facing arrest, detention, or removal without warning. Legal status pending? A court hearing scheduled months away? None of that guarantees protection anymore.
That’s why it’s more critical than ever to consult with an experienced immigration attorney who understands how to navigate the shifting legal landscape—and who knows how to fight back.
Attorney Richard Herman is nationally recognized for his tireless defense of immigrants, including those with no criminal history who are now under threat. With decades of experience, he and his team have helped thousands of individuals protect their rights, avoid detention, and secure legal status even in the face of hostile policies.
Whether you’ve received a notice from ICE, had a court case dismissed, or simply feel the fear of uncertainty, don’t wait until it’s too late. Richard Herman can help you:
· Understand your rights and legal options
· Review your current immigration status or applications
· Create a proactive safety and documentation plan
· Develop a strategy to fight detention or removal
· Stand up to ICE using legal tools, motions, and protections available under the law
This is not the time to go it alone. In 2025, even non-criminal immigrants are being targeted in ways we haven’t seen in decades. You deserve strong, informed, and compassionate legal guidance.
Protect your future. Defend your family. Call Richard Herman today for a confidential consultation—and build your defense before ICE builds its case against you.
