Processing Time Form I-130: How Long Does it Take? Steps, Delays, and Tips

What Is the Processing Time for Form I-130 (Petition for Alien Relative)?

When a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident (green card holder) wants to bring a close family member to the United States, the first step is filing Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative, with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). This petition confirms the family relationship and opens the door to obtaining a family-based green card.

One of the most common questions asked by petitioners is: How long does it take USCIS to process Form I-130? Unfortunately, there’s no single answer. The I-130 processing time can vary widely—from a few months to well over a year—depending on several factors such as the petitioner’s status, the service center handling the case, and the relationship category. There are different processing times depending on the service center and the specifics of each case. USCIS generally processes I-130 petitions on a first-come, first-served basis.

This comprehensive guide breaks down everything you need to know about the USCIS I-130 timeline, why cases move at different speeds, how to check your I-130 case status, and what happens next after approval. The processing period can be affected by various factors, and may involve delays or additional requests for evidence.

What Is Form I-130 and Why Is It Important?

Form I-130 is an immigrant petition used by a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident to prove a qualifying relationship with a relative who wishes to immigrate. It does not itself grant a green card but is the essential first step in family-based immigration.

The form establishes the legal relationship between you (the petitioner) and your relative (the beneficiary). Once the immigrant petition is approved, your family member may move forward with either consular processing abroad or adjustment of status if they are already in the U.S.

It is important that Form I-130 is properly filed, meaning it is complete, accurate, and submitted with all required documentation, to avoid delays or rejection.

Who can file Form I-130?

• U.S. citizens may petition for spouses, parents, children, and siblings.
• Lawful permanent residents (green card holders) may petition for spouses and unmarried children.

Eligibility to file depends on the specific category of family relationship, as different categories have different requirements and processing times.

Why it matters

Without an approved I-130, your family member cannot begin the process of obtaining lawful permanent residency.

Immigration Lawyer Richard Herman: “The I-130 petition is the foundation of family-based immigration—it confirms your family relationship and allows your relative to begin the green card process.”

Why Form I-130 Petition Matters

The main purpose of the Form I-130 petition is to show a qualifying relationship between a U.S. citizen or green card holder and their foreign family member. By filing, the petitioner is saying they will sponsor the alien relative for a green card and get them settled in the U.S. Petitioners must file a separate Form I-130 for each eligible relative unless they can be considered derivative beneficiaries.

Approval of Form I-130 is a big step in the process of getting the immigrant visa as it confirms the valid family relationship and allows the immediate relatives to move forward with their immigration status.

Form I-130 is more than just starting the green card process. Here’s why:

• Eligibility Determination: USCIS approves Form I-130 when they determine the petitioner and foreign national family member relationship falls under a family-based green card category recognized by U.S. immigration law. Different categories have different wait times and are subject to an annual quota, which limits the number of green cards issued each year and can affect how long applicants wait.
• Intention to Sponsor: By filing Form I-130, the petitioner is formally stating they will support the eligible family member once they get a green card financially.
• Case Initiation: An approved Petition for Alien Relative is the official start of the beneficiary’s green card process. They can now move on to the next steps like the immigrant visa petition and green card interview.
• Proof of Relationship: The documents submitted with Form I-130, like marriage or birth certificate, are evidence for USCIS to prove the petitioner-beneficiary relationship.

For some family-based categories, the beneficiary must wait for an immigrant visa number to become available before proceeding with the next steps in the green card process.

Who Can Sponsor a Family Member

U.S. citizens and green card holders can file Form I-130 petition for alien relative to determine their sponsorship eligibility for certain family members for a green card. Eligible members are:

• U.S. Citizens: Spouse, children (unmarried and under 21), married sons, parents, siblings.
• Green Card Holders: Spouse and dependent children.

What is Immediate Relative and Family Preference

Categories

An immediate relative of U.S. citizens is not subject to numerical limits on immigrant visas, so they have shorter wait times. These family preference categories are: spouse, unmarried child under 21, parents of U.S. citizens.

Family preference categories apply to other eligible family members and are subject to annual numerical limits. These categories are:

• First Preference (F1): U.S. citizens’ unmarried adult children, aged 21 and above.
• Second Preference (F2A): Permanent residents’ spouses and their unmarried children under 21.
• Third Preference (F2B): Permanent residents’ unmarried adult children, aged 21 and above.
• Fourth Preference (F3): U.S. citizens’ married children.
• Fifth Preference (F4): U.S. citizens’ brothers and sisters.

Who May Face Restrictions When Filing Form I-130?

1. Individuals with Certain Criminal Convictions:
   • Under the Adam Walsh Act, individuals convicted of certain offenses,
     especially those involving sexual crimes against minors, may not be eligible to file Form I-130.
   • Specific legal provisions determine eligibility based on criminal history.
2. Individuals with Fraudulent Marriages:
   • If USCIS determines that a previous marriage was entered into solely for immigration benefits (i.e., a sham marriage), the petitioner may not be eligible to file future petitions, including Form I-130.
3. Individuals Previously Ordered Removed:
   • Petitioners who have been previously ordered removed (deported) from the U.S. and have not obtained permission to reenter may not be eligible to file Form I-130. They must address their removal order before filing a new petition.
4. Other Restrictions
   • Same-Sex Relationships Not Recognized by State or Country
   • If the marriage is not recognized in the state or country where it took place, it may affect the ability to file Form I-130. But if the marriage is valid where performed and recognized by U.S. law, it should be good.
   • Increased Burden of Proof for I-130 Petitioners Who Got a Green Card Through Marriage, Divorced, and Remarried Within 5 Years:
   • Under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) Section 204(a)(2), petitioners in this situation must provide more evidence to prove that their new marriage is bona fide and not a way to circumvent immigration laws.
   • Increased Burden of Proof for I-130 Petitioners Who Marry While the Immigrant Is In Removal Proceedings.
   • If an immigrant marries while in removal proceedings, the petitioning spouse must prove that the marriage is bona fide by “clear and convincing evidence”.

This is a higher standard than the “preponderance of the evidence” standard required in immigration cases.

What is the Filing Fee for USCIS Form I-130?

As of 2025, the filing fee for Petition for alien relative is $675. This fee is non-refundable even if the petition is denied. So, be aware that if you are submitting multiple forms, you need to pay each filing fee separately.

Where to File Form I-130

Form I-130 can be filed online or by mail. Filing location depends if petitioner is in the U.S. or abroad.

• In the U.S.: Petitions are sent to the USCIS Dallas Lockbox or Phoenix Lockbox depending on the petitioner’s location.
• Outside the U.S.: Petitions can be filed at the U.S. embassy or consulate or sent to a USCIS office.
• Online filing: You can also file the petition online from anywhere. After filing Form I-130, you will receive a receipt notice typically within 2 to 4 weeks.

The most up-to-date information on filing locations can be found on the USCIS website.

What Steps are Involved in the I-130 Filing Process?

1. Fill out the Form I-130

• Fill out I-130 as part of the process; make sure to fill out all sections correctly.
• Provide all information about the petitioner and beneficiary.

2. Gather Documents

• Collect all supporting documents, including U.S. citizenship or green card, proof of relationship, and financial evidence.
• If you submit documents in a foreign language with Form I-130, you must provide a complete English translation along with a certification from the translator.
• During the review process, USCIS may request additional evidence to verify eligibility or support your petition.

3. Pay the Filing Fees

• Submit the correct filing fee of $675. Filing fees can be made by check or credit card using Form G-1450. Checks should be made payable to The U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
• Do not use abbreviations like “USDHS” or “DHS”. Double-check the amount to make sure it’s the right fee. Write your name and A-number (if applicable) on the check.

4. File the Petition

• You can file the completed form I-130 and supporting documents online or by mail to the USCIS lockbox or office.
• For online filing, create a USCIS online account and submit your petition online. After you have filled out the online application, there will be several upload options for documents. Before the application can be submitted, it will require payment and provide instructions on how to pay in order to file the form.

5. Get a Receipt Notice

• After filing the petition, the petitioner will receive a receipt notice from USCIS stating that the petition has been received and is being processed.

6. After Form I-130 is Approved

• After the I-130 is approved and approval notice is received, the next steps depend on whether the beneficiary is in the U.S. or abroad.

7. Adjust Status (In the U.S.)

• If the beneficiary is in the U.S., they can file Form I-485 (Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status) to become a permanent resident. This involves submitting other relevant documentation and attending an interview with a USCIS officer.

Form I-130 Supporting Documents

Here is a list of all required supporting documents to prove eligibility and family relationship:

• U.S. Citizenship or Green Card: Copy of petitioner’s U.S. passport, birth certificate, naturalization certificate, or green card.
• Relationship: Marriage certificate for a spouse. Birth certificates for children or parents. Both birth certificates for siblings.
• Name Changes: If the petitioner or the green card applicant has had any name changes, attach legal documents to support these changes.
• Nationality: Copy of the beneficiary’s valid passport.
• Financial: Tax returns, bank statements, etc. to show the petitioner can support the beneficiary.

Submit Alternative Documents

Secondary evidence or alternative supporting documents must be submitted if primary documents are not available. This can include:

• Affidavits of Personal Knowledge: Written statements from people who can also be used as secondary evidence to attest to the facts of the relationship.
• Official Statements: Letters from relevant authorities stating that primary documents do not exist.
• Secondary Evidence: Baptismal certificates, school records, etc. to prove the facts of the relationship photos and affidavits.

Financial Evidence and Sponsorship

When sponsoring a family member, you need to show financial responsibility by providing financial evidence at the time of adjustment of status or consular processing.

This includes submitting evidence such as income tax returns, employment verification letters, and bank statements. You need to show you can support the beneficiary and not make them a public charge.

An Affidavit of Support (Form I-864) is a binding document where you agree to support the beneficiary financially. This form is required for most family-based green card applications to ensure the beneficiary will not be on public assistance.

Specifics for Different Categories

Spouses

When filing form I-130 for a spouse, it’s important to provide evidence of a legally valid relationship that the marriage is bona fide and not entered into for immigration benefits. This includes:

• Joint Bank Accounts: Statements with both names.
• Joint Insurance Policies: Health, life, or auto insurance documents.
• Photographs: Photos of the couple together at different times and places.
• Affidavits: Statements from friends and family members attesting to the marriage.

If either spouse has a prior marriage, including divorce decrees or death certificates to prove all prior marriages have been terminated is required. Evidence of an ongoing marital union, such as joint lease agreements, utility bills, and correspondence addressed to both spouses can help strengthen the petition.

Children

However, USCIS has special considerations for child status for these immigrant visa petitions. While the I-130 process is generally the same for most relatives, there are important nuances to consider when petitioning for a child.

• Age: There’s no upper age limit for a child you can petition for. However, children over 21 fall under a different preference category, leading to longer green card wait times. For an adopted child, include the adoption decree and evidence the adoption took place before the child turned 16.
• Derivative Beneficiary: When petitioning for a spouse, you can include their unmarried child under 21 on the same I-130 petition. This saves time and money compared to filing separate petitions. For stepchildren, provide evidence of the marriage between the petitioner and the child’s biological parent and the child’s birth certificate.
• Child Status Protection Act (CSPA): CSPA protects certain unmarried children under 21 from “aging out” of the green card process if the parent’s petition is approved after they turn 21. However, specific requirements must be met. For applicants over 21, include evidence they remain unmarried, such as affidavits and other relevant documents.
• Unlawful Presence: Children under 18 don’t accrue unlawful presence in the U.S. even if they entered illegally. This is beneficial if your child needs to travel abroad for a visa after the I-130 is approved.
• Documentation: For adopted children or children born out of wedlock, obtaining proper documentation proving the relationship may require extra steps. Parents Include the petitioner’s birth certificate and evidence of a parental relationship, such as affidavits and family photos. If the petitioner is a U.S. citizen, include proof of citizenship, such as a birth or naturalization certificate.
• Shared Parentage: Include birth certificates for both siblings showing the same parent.

Avoid Delays and Denials

Make sure all forms are filled out correctly and completely to avoid delays and denials. Even seemingly minor errors or inconsistencies on the I-130 petition can lead to delays or requests for evidence (RFEs).

An attorney can review your completed form before submission to minimize the chance of errors and ensure all information is presented clearly and accurately.

Respond to any RFEs or additional documentation requests from USCIS ASAP to keep the process moving.

General Wait Time to Immigrate to the U.S. via I-130

Family-Based Petition

The processing time through the Form I-130 family preference category varies based on the relationship category, the beneficiary’s country of origin, and the Visa Bulletin. Visa availability and processing backlogs are assessed and updated each fiscal year, which can impact wait times.

Here’s a breakdown:

Immediate Relatives of U.S. Citizens

U.S. Citizen’s Spouses, Parents and Unmarried children

• General Wait Time: 12-18 months.
• Process:
  • USCIS Processing: 6-12 months.
    • NVC Processing and Consular Interview: 3-6 months.
    • Adjustment of Status (if within the U.S.): 6-12 months depending on the local USCIS office backlog.

Family Preference Categories

1. F1: Unmarried Adult Children (21 and older) of U.S. Citizens
   • General Wait Time: 7-8 years.
2. F2A: Spouses and Unmarried Children (under 21) of Lawful Permanent Residents
   • General Wait Time: 2-3 years
   • Mexico: Slightly longer, typically 3-4 years
3. F2B: Unmarried Adult Children (21 and older) of Lawful Permanent Residents
   • General Wait Time: 5-7 years.
4. F3: Married Children of U.S. Citizens
   • General Wait Time: 10-12 years.
5. F4: Siblings of U.S. Citizens
   • General Wait Time: 14-16 years.
   • Country of Origin:
     • General: 14-16 years.
     • India: 15-20 years.
     • Mexico: 20+ years.
     • Philippines: 20+ years.

For more accurate processing time, check the Visa Bulletin Priority Date on the USCIS website and consult with an immigration attorney for the most up-to-date information.

USCIS Processing Time

Depends on the USCIS Service center handling your case.

• Petition Receipt: 1-3 weeks to receive receipt notice.
• Initial Review and Request for Evidence (if needed): 6-12 months.
• Approval Notice: 6-12 months after filing, assuming no issues.

National Visa Center (NVC) Processing

• Case Creation: 1-3 months after USCIS approval.
• Document Submission and Review: 3-6 months.
• Scheduling of Consular Interview: 2-4 months, depending on the consulate.

Consular Interview and Visa Issuance (if outside the U.S.)

• Interview Appointment: 1-2 months after NVC processing is complete.
• Visa Issuance: 1-2 weeks after interview.

Adjustment of Status (if within the U.S.)

• Form I-485 Filing: Concurrent or after form I-130 approval.
• Biometrics Appointment: 1-2 months after filing.
• Interview (if required): 6-12 months after filing. Interviews or appeals may be handled by your local USCIS field office.

Approval and Green Card: 1-2 months after interview.

After Approval: Becoming a Green Card Holder

After the beneficiary becomes a lawful permanent resident, they must maintain their permanent resident status post-approval by living in the U.S. and not doing anything that could jeopardize their status, such as committing crimes or not filing income tax returns.

U.S. Citizenship

After holding a green card for a certain period (usually 5 or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen), the beneficiary can apply for U.S. citizenship through naturalization. This involves submitting Form N-400, passing a citizenship test, and attending a naturalization ceremony.

Additional Forms and Documents to File with I-130 Petition

Form I-130 requires the US citizen petitioner to submit supporting documents and a filing fee with the form. You’re not done with the petition until you have:

• Form I-130A: Supplemental Information for Spouse and Beneficiary, which asks for extra biographical information. This form replaces the old Form G-325A, which both the sponsor and foreign applicant in a marriage-based green card application were supposed to fill out and submit.
• Proof of U.S. citizen status of a spouse who will be the petitioner: Proofs can be a copy of a birth certificate, passport, certificate of naturalization, or Form FS-20 (Report of Birth Abroad of a United States Citizen), and this will depend on how a spouse became a U.S. citizen.
• Proof of legal marriage: This should include, at a minimum, a copy of your marriage certificate, probably from a government source. If either you or your spouse has been previously married, you must include proof those marriages were terminated, such as a copy of a death, divorce, or annulment certificate.
• Photos: Attach one passport-style photo of each of you. The photos should be color, taken within the past six months, of your current appearance. However, USCIS allows your spouse to submit a photo that doesn’t completely follow the instructions if they live in a country where such photographs are not available or are too expensive.
• Fees: The filing fee for an I-130 petition is $625 if you file online and $675 for paper filing. (As of April 1, 2024; always check the USCIS I-130 Web page or call USCIS at 800-375-5283 for current fees.) You can pay by check or money order or by filling out Form G-1450, Authorization for Credit Card Transactions.

I-130 Appeals

If your I-130 petition is denied, you will receive a notice explaining the reason for the denial. You can appeal the decision or file a motion to reopen or reconsider. The appeal process involves filing Form I-290B, Notice of Appeal or Motion, with the fee. It’s recommended you consult with experienced attorneys, as they are skilled in handling complex immigration cases and appeals, to figure out what to do.

Average USCIS Processing Times for I-130 in 2025

As of 2025, USCIS reports that most I-130 petitions take between 6 and 16 months to process, but this depends on the relationship category, petitioner status, and service center workload.

The USCIS website maintains current estimates. You can check official timelines anytime using the USCIS Processing Times Tool.

Below is a general breakdown based on recent trends:

(These averages are based on USCIS data from early 2025; individual cases may vary.)

Richard Herman, Immigration Attorney: “Most I-130 petitions filed by U.S. citizens for immediate relatives are processed within 6–12 months, while family preference categories may take over a year.”

Factors That Affect I-130 Processing Time

Several factors influence how long it takes USCIS to approve your petition, including whether there are concerns or allegations such as marriage fraud:

• Service Center Backlogs: Each I-130 is assigned to a service center (e.g., Texas, Potomac, Nebraska, Vermont, or California). Workload differences lead to varying timelines.
• Petitioner’s Immigration Status: U.S. citizens’ petitions for immediate relatives usually move faster than those filed by green card holders.
• Type of Relationship: Immediate relatives (spouse, parent, or child under 21 of a U.S. citizen) are not subject to visa caps, while preference categories must wait for visa availability.
• Completeness of Application: Missing signatures, documents, or fees can cause significant delays.
• Requests for Evidence (RFEs): USCIS may pause your case if evidence of relationship (like marriage proof) is incomplete.
• Security and Background Checks: Standard checks sometimes add weeks or months, especially for overseas beneficiaries.

Richard T. Herman, Esq.: “The biggest factor in I-130 processing time is your family relationship type—immediate relatives are generally approved faster than preference category relatives.”

How to Check Your I-130 Case Status

You can track your case in real time using the USCIS Case Status Online Tool. If you need further assistance, want to request updates, or need to report an issue with your petition, you can also contact the USCIS Contact Center for help.

Step-by-step:

1. Locate your receipt number (starting with three letters like “IOE,” “WAC,” or “SRC”) on your I-797 Notice of Action.
2. Enter it on the Case Status page.
3. Review your current update — common messages include “Case Was Received” or “Case Is Being Actively Reviewed.”

You can also use the USCIS Case Inquiry Tool if your petition is taking longer than normal for its service center.

If your case is beyond the posted USCIS processing time, you may request assistance through your Congressional representative or contact Emma, the USCIS virtual assistant.

Immigration Expert Richard Herman: “You can check I-130 status anytime online using your USCIS receipt number. If your case is outside normal processing time, submit a service request.”

What to Do If Your I-130 Is Delayed

Delays are common but often solvable. If your case seems stalled:

• Compare your case age to official timelines on USCIS’s Processing Times Page.
• Contact USCIS: Call 1-800-375-5283 or use the online request form.
• Reach out to your Congressional office: They can inquire directly with USCIS on your behalf.
• Respond promptly to any RFEs (Requests for Evidence): Even a short delay in response can reset your place in the queue.
• Avoid duplicate filings: Submitting a second I-130 for the same person can slow down or confuse processing.

Note: Some applicants ask about Form I-907 (Premium Processing). USCIS does not offer premium processing for I-130 petitions.

If delays persist beyond posted norms, consider consulting an experienced immigration attorney to explore case-specific solutions or identify procedural errors.

What Happens After I-130 Is Approved?

An approved I-130 simply means USCIS has confirmed your qualifying relationship. The next step depends on whether your relative is inside or outside the U.S.

If the Beneficiary Is Inside the U.S.

They may apply for Adjustment of Status by filing Form I-485 when their priority date becomes current (or immediately if an immediate relative).

If the Beneficiary Is Outside the U.S.

USCIS transfers the approved petition to the National Visa Center (NVC), which initiates consular processing. Your relative will:

1. Submit the DS-260 immigrant visa application;
2. Pay visa and affidavit of support fees;
3. Attend a U.S. embassy interview. The time taken for the transfer of cases from USCIS to the NVC typically averages 4–6 weeks.

1. Submit the DS-260 immigrant visa application;
2. Pay visa and affidavit of support fees;
3. Attend a U.S. embassy interview.

Text-based flowchart:

USCIS I-130 Approval → Case sent to NVC → Fees + DS-260 → Embassy Interview → Visa Issued → U.S. Entry + Green Card

Immigration Advocate Richard Herman: “I-130 approval confirms your relationship, but your family member still needs to complete adjustment of status or consular processing to obtain a green card.”

Can You Speed Up I-130 Processing?

In most cases, no—but certain rare circumstances may qualify for expedite review.

USCIS may consider expediting if:

• There is urgent humanitarian need (e.g., medical emergencies);
• Delay would cause severe financial loss;
• The case serves U.S. government interests;
• There are clear USCIS errors causing delay.

Submit expedite requests through your USCIS account or the contact center.

Immigeration Law Attorney Richard Herman: “USCIS rarely expedites I-130 petitions except in cases of urgent humanitarian need or clear government error.”

Common Reasons for I-130 Denial or Delay

Understanding common pitfalls helps prevent setbacks:

• Missing documents such as marriage or birth certificates
• Inconsistent evidence or weak relationship proof
• Failure to respond to RFEs or NOIDs
• Incorrect fees or unsigned forms
• Change in petitioner’s status (e.g., loss of permanent residency)
• Pending investigations or background flags

If denied, you may appeal using Form I-290B or file a new petition with corrected documentation.

Richard T. Herman: “Most I-130 denials result from incomplete evidence or inconsistent documentation—double-check all forms and attachments before submission.”

Realistic Expectations: Planning Your Family Visa Timeline

While the I-130 approval time is a key step, it’s only part of the family immigration process. You should consider:

Immediate Relatives (U.S. Citizens’ Spouses, Parents, Children)

• I-130: 6–12 months
• Adjustment or Consular Process: 6–10 months
  Total estimated timeline: 12–20 months

Family Preference Categories (e.g., Siblings, Adult Children)

• I-130: 24-12–24 months
• Visa Bulletin Wait (due to annual quotas): several years
• Consular or Adjustment Stage: 6–10 months
  Total estimated timeline: varies by country and visa backlog

Check the Visa Bulletin each month to track priority dates and availability.

Frequently Asked Questions About I-130 Processing Times

What is Form I-130, and why is its processing time important?
Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative, is used by U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents to prove a qualifying family relationship with a relative who seeks a green card. The processing time determines how soon your family member can move forward with the immigration process.

How long does it take for USCIS to process Form I-130 in 2025?
The average I-130 processing time in 2025 ranges from 6 to 16 months, depending on factors such as relationship type, petitioner status, and the USCIS service center. Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens are typically processed faster than other categories.

Why do I-130 processing times vary so much?
Processing times depend on your relationship category, service center workload, completeness of your petition, and whether USCIS issues a Request for Evidence (RFE). Immediate relatives are not subject to annual visa caps, which usually shortens their wait.

What are the fastest I-130 processing categories?
Petitions filed by U.S. citizens for spouses, parents, or unmarried children under 21 are generally processed the fastest, often within 6 to 10 months, because they are considered immediate relatives with no visa quota limits.

Which I-130 petitions take the longest?
Petitions for siblings and married or adult children of U.S. citizens fall under family preference categories, which face annual visa caps and long backlogs, sometimes taking over a year or more just for USCIS approval—plus additional waiting for visa availability.

Does the USCIS service center affect how long my I-130 takes?
Yes. USCIS assigns petitions to different service centers (such as Potomac, Texas, Nebraska, or Vermont), each with unique workloads. You can check average times for your assigned center using the USCIS Processing Times page.

How can I find out which USCIS service center has my I-130?
Look at your receipt notice (Form I-797). The three-letter code at the start (e.g., “WAC,” “SRC,” “IOE”) identifies your I-130 service center. Each code corresponds to a specific USCIS office with different timelines.

Can filing Form I-130 online make it faster?
Filing online doesn’t necessarily speed up the adjudication itself, but it ensures instant receipt, fewer mail delays, and easier case tracking—all of which can reduce administrative delays.

How can I check my I-130 processing time or case status?
You can check your I-130 case status online using your receipt number through the USCIS Case Status Tool. The system provides updates such as “Case Was Received” or “Case Is Being Actively Reviewed.”

What does ‘Case Is Being Actively Reviewed by USCIS’ mean?
This status means an officer has begun reviewing your file. It’s a positive sign, though it does not guarantee a decision soon. Some cases remain “under review” for several months.

Why is my I-130 taking so long?
Long processing times often result from high caseloads, missing documents, or incomplete evidence. Background checks, transfers between service centers, or sudden surges in applications can also contribute to delays.

Can I request USCIS to speed up my I-130?
You can submit an expedite request only if you meet strict criteria, such as urgent humanitarian reasons or severe financial hardship. Expedite approvals are rare and granted at USCIS’s discretion.

Does I-130 qualify for premium processing?
No. Premium processing (Form I-907) is not available for Form I-130 petitions. All cases follow standard timelines unless approved for expedited handling.

What should I do if my I-130 case is outside normal processing time?
If your case exceeds USCIS’s posted average, you can file a Case Inquiry using the e-request tool, contact USCIS Customer Service, or seek help from your Congressional representative’s office.

What happens after my I-130 is approved?
After approval, USCIS forwards your case to the National Visa Center (NVC) if your relative is abroad. The NVC collects fees and forms before scheduling a consular interview. If your relative is in the U.S., they may file Form I-485 to adjust status.

Does I-130 approval mean my relative can immigrate right away?
Not always. Approval only confirms the family relationship. For preference categories, your relative must wait until their priority date is current according to the Visa Bulletin before applying for a green card.

How long after I-130 approval will the NVC contact us?
The NVC typically contacts petitioners within 30–60 days of I-130 approval. However, for categories subject to visa backlogs, communication may be delayed until a visa number becomes available.

How can I estimate my total green card timeline after I-130?
Combine your I-130 approval time with the NVC stage (2–6 months) and any visa backlog shown in the Visa Bulletin. Immediate relatives often complete the process in 12–20 months, while preference categories can take several years.

Does an RFE delay my I-130 approval?
Yes. A Request for Evidence (RFE) pauses processing until you respond. USCIS typically resumes review after receiving your documents, but expect additional weeks or months depending on workload. For an example of a Green Card case, see how a researcher’s application succeeded despite these delays.

Can missing documents slow down my I-130 case?
Absolutely. Missing or inconsistent evidence (like marriage certificates or proof of relationship) is one of the leading causes of I-130 delays or denials. Always include full, clear copies of required documents.

How often does USCIS update I-130 processing time data?
USCIS updates average processing times monthly, but real-world fluctuations occur weekly. Check the official page regularly for the most recent data.

Are petitions for spouses filed by green card holders slower than by U.S. citizens?
Generally, yes. Petitions by lawful permanent residents often face longer waits because they fall under the F2A family preference category, which may experience backlogs.

Do all service centers process I-130s at the same speed?
No. Some centers—like Potomac or Nebraska—are known for quicker turnaround, while others, such as Texas or California, may face higher caseloads that extend processing times.

Can transferring my I-130 case to another center help speed it up?
Not usually. USCIS determines service center assignment based on internal workload balancing. Requests for transfer are rarely granted and typically do not shorten wait times.

Does USCIS send updates by mail or online?
You’ll receive an official Form I-797 Notice of Action by mail, but you can also opt-in for electronic case updates through your USCIS online account for faster notifications.

What if my I-130 is denied after a long wait?
If denied, USCIS will issue a written explanation. You can appeal using Form I-290B or refile with stronger evidence. Common reasons include insufficient documentation or inability to prove a bona fide family relationship.

How do I plan travel or family reunification around I-130 timelines?
Because processing times vary, avoid booking travel or housing until your relative’s visa or adjustment is approved. For urgent reunification, discuss alternative visas or humanitarian options with an immigration attorney.

Can an attorney help reduce I-130 delays?
Yes. An experienced immigration lawyer can identify issues early, ensure your petition is complete, respond to RFEs promptly, and submit expedite requests when justified.

Do global events or policy changes affect I-130 processing times?
Yes. Shifts in administration, new immigration rules, or worldwide crises (such as pandemics or wars) can influence USCIS staffing, priorities, and caseload distribution, impacting timelines.

How accurate are USCIS’s estimated processing times?
They are averages, not guarantees. Your individual case could move faster or slower. Times are calculated from the date USCIS receives your petition to final decision.

Can I submit multiple I-130s for the same person to speed up the process?
No. Duplicate filings can cause confusion and delay. Submit one accurate, well-documented petition per family member.

Does changing my address affect I-130 processing time?
Yes. If you move, update your address immediately using Form AR-11 or your online USCIS account. Failing to do so may delay notices or approvals.

Will filing my I-130 at the same time as other forms help?
For some cases, concurrent filing (such as I-130 and I-485 for immediate relatives in the U.S.) can streamline processing, but USCIS reviews each form separately.

What should I do if I never receive my I-130 receipt notice?
If 30 days pass without receiving Form I-797, contact USCIS via their Contact Center or online e-request portal. Missing receipts should be reported promptly. If you are preparing for the next steps in your immigration journey, such as naturalization, consider reviewing the US Citizenship Test: Key Questions and Answers Guide to help you study for the civics exam.

What’s the difference between I-130 approval and green card issuance?
I-130 approval confirms your relationship. Green card issuance requires completing the next stage—either adjustment of status (in the U.S.) or consular processing (abroad).

Can I track how many I-130s are pending?
Yes. USCIS publishes monthly workload data showing receipts, completions, and pending totals across all forms. These reports reveal national trends affecting overall USCIS processing time.

Do weekends and holidays count in USCIS processing time?
No. USCIS processing time estimates are based on business days. Weekends, holidays, and government shutdowns can extend total wait periods.

Is there a way to estimate when my I-130 will be approved?
While exact dates are unpredictable, combining official processing times with your receipt date provides a general forecast. The USCIS tool shows where your case falls within the current range.

What can delay my I-130 after approval?
Transfers to the NVC, incomplete DS-260 applications, or missing fee payments may delay your case’s movement to the next stage. Always respond quickly to NVC or consular requests.

When should I contact an immigration attorney about I-130 delays?
Seek legal help if your case is pending beyond normal timeframes, receives multiple RFEs, or if you suspect procedural errors. An attorney can escalate inquiries and safeguard your rights.

Get Trusted Guidance on Your I-130 Processing Time — Talk to Immigration Attorney Richard T. Herman

If you’re waiting on your I-130 petition and unsure what’s normal, what’s delayed, or what to do next, you don’t have to face it alone. Understanding USCIS processing times, service center backlogs, and approval delays can be overwhelming — especially when your family’s future is on the line. A single missing document or late response could add months to your case.

That’s where Attorney Richard T. Herman can help. With over 30 years of immigration law experience, Richard has guided thousands of families through the Form I-130 process, from filing to approval and beyond. As co-author of Immigrant, Inc. and a national advocate for immigrant rights, he’s known for turning complex immigration timelines into clear, actionable strategies that help reunite families faster.

Whether you’re a U.S. citizen sponsoring a spouse, a green card holder petitioning for a child, or a relative waiting overseas, Richard and his multilingual legal team will help you:

• Understand your I-130 case status and expected processing timeline
• Identify whether your case qualifies for expedited review
• Resolve delays or RFEs (Requests for Evidence) quickly and effectively
• Map out your next steps — whether adjustment of status or consular processing
• Stay informed with accurate, up-to-date USCIS insights tailored to your category

Richard Herman: “If your I-130 case feels stuck or confusing, a knowledgeable immigration attorney can help you understand your options and keep your family’s green card process moving.”

Don’t let uncertainty or delay derail your family’s immigration journey. Get the clarity and confidence that comes from working with a nationally recognized immigration lawyer.

👉 Book a Consultation with Richard T. Herman today to discuss your I-130 timeline, explore solutions to case delays, and get personalized advice from a trusted expert who’s been helping families for more than three decades.

Call (216) 696-6170 to speak with a member of the Herman Legal Group, or schedule online to get started.

Because every family deserves to be together — and every petition deserves the best possible chance for success.

Authoritative Government Resources (USCIS, DOS, NVC, Congress, Ombudsman)

Check Processing Times, Case Status, and Service Requests

• USCIS Processing Times Tool (I-130): Use the official estimator to view current Form I-130 timelines by category and service center.
  USCIS Processing Times
• USCIS Case Status Online: Track your I-130 by receipt number (e.g., IOE/WAC/SRC).
  Check Case Status
• Outside Normal Time Service Request (e-Request): Ask USCIS to review an I-130 that’s beyond posted times.
  Submit an e-Request
• USCIS Emma (Virtual Assistant) & Contact Center: Get live help, ask about transfers, backlogs, or RFEs.
  Ask Emma / Contact USCIS

Core I-130 Filing & Policy References

• Form I-130 (USCIS official page): Purpose, eligibility, filing options, fees, and filing addresses.
  USCIS I-130 Overview
• Form I-130 Instructions (PDF): Official evidence requirements and completeness checklist to help avoid RFEs and delays.
  I-130 Instructions
• USCIS Policy Manual – Family-Based Petitions: Governing guidance for adjudication that impacts timing (evidence standards, bona fides).
  USCIS Policy Manual (Family)
• Change of Address (Form AR-11): Keep records current to prevent mail delays and missed notices.
  Update Address (AR-11)
• G-1145 e-Notification: Get text/email alerts when your application is accepted—helps you track timing from Day 1.
  Form G-1145
• Need professional legal help with your immigration case? Contact Herman Legal Group for expert assistance from experienced immigration attorneys.

Backlogs, Data, and Trend Monitoring

• USCIS Historical/Current Processing Data: Monthly/quarterly reports of receipts, completions, and pending volumes.
  USCIS Data & Reports
• Check Service Center Workloads & Trends: Use USCIS reports and the Processing Times Tool together to understand local backlogs.
  USCIS Immigration and Citizenship Data

After I-130 Approval: NVC & Consular Processing

• National Visa Center (NVC) – Immigrant Visa Process: Fees, civil documents, and the DS-260 sequence after I-130 approval.
  NVC Overview
• CEAC – Check Immigrant Visa Case (NVC/Consular): Track post-approval progress, pay fees, upload documents.
  CEAC Status & Portal
• U.S. Embassy/Consulate Directory: Find interview wait times, document instructions, and medical exam panels.
  Embassy & Consulate Finder
• Visa Bulletin (Priority Date Movement): For preference categories, track visa number availability—critical to total wait time.
  Monthly Visa Bulletin

Problem-Solving Channels (Delays, Errors, Hardship)

• DHS Office of the Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman: Independent help for problem I-130 cases and systemic delays.
  Request Case Assistance
• Congressional Casework (Find Your Representative/Senators): Constituent services can initiate USCIS status inquiries.
  Find Your U.S. Representative
  Find Your U.S. Senators
• USCIS Expedite Criteria (Policy Guidance): Understand the narrow standards for humanitarian need, severe financial loss, or government interest.
  USCIS Expedite Guidance
• FOIA (Get Your File): Request I-130 records to diagnose delays, missing evidence, or misfiled material.
  USCIS FOIA

Professional Associations & Credible Nonprofits (Education, Best Practices, Policy Tracking)

These organizations publish practice advisories, timelines, and analysis that help interpret I-130 processing time trends and reduce mistakes that cause delays.

• American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA): Practice advisories, liaison updates, and processing-time insights (member resources).
  AILA
• American Immigration Council: Research on processing backlogs, agency performance, and family immigration policy impacts.
  American Immigration Council
• CLINIC (Catholic Legal Immigration Network, Inc.): Family-based immigration guides, community education, and updates.
  CLINIC
• ILRC (Immigrant Legal Resource Center): Practical guides, checklists, and community-facing family immigration materials.
  ILRC
• NILC (National Immigration Law Center): Policy analysis and community education on family immigration and adjudication impacts.
  NILC
• Boundless PolicyHub (Documentation Checker & Timelines – reference): User-friendly explainers and data visualizations on USCIS timelines.
  Boundless PolicyHub

Task-Focused Mini-Index

• “What’s my current I-130 timeline?” → USCIS Processing Times
• “Is my case outside normal time?” → USCIS e-Request
• “Where is my case now?” → Check Case Status
• “Can I expedite my I-130?” → USCIS Expedite Guidance
• “What happens after approval (abroad)?” → NVC Process
• “Do I need a visa number?” → Visa Bulletin
• “Who can help with a stalled case?” → DHS Ombudsman | Find Your Representative

How to Use These Links (Optimized Workflow)

1. Check current I-130 time for your category + service center → Processing Times.
2. Compare your “receipt date” to the posted range. If you’re outside, submit an e-Request.
3. Monitor status weekly via Case Status Online; enable G-1145 for alerts.
4. If stuck: consult Expedite Guidance; consider Ombudsman or your Member of Congress.
5. After approval: follow NVC steps and watch the Visa Bulletin if in a preference category.