The B1/B2 visitor visa allows foreign nationals to travel temporarily to the United States for business (B1), tourism (B2), or both (B1/B2). It is the most commonly used visa for short trips to the US. These visas are valid for ten years from the date of issue and permit a stay of up to 180 days per visit.
Business (B1) Visa
The B1 visa is for short business trips, including:
- Business Consultations: Meetings, negotiations, or discussions with business associates.
- Attending Conferences: Participation in professional, educational, scientific, or business conventions.
- Settling an Estate: Handling matters related to inherited property or assets.
- Contract Negotiations: Signing or negotiating contracts with US companies.
- Professional Exams and Licensing: Taking exams or obtaining licenses available only in the US.
Tourism (B2) Visa
The B2 visa is for tourism and non-business activities such as:
- Tourism: Sightseeing, visiting landmarks, and experiencing US culture.
- Visiting Family or Friends: Seeing loved ones living in the US.
- Medical Treatment: Receiving medical procedures or treatments available in the US.
- Social Events: Attending concerts, festivals, cooking classes, and other social gatherings.
- Non-Professional Events: Competing in amateur tournaments or contests without pay.
- Short Courses of Study: Enrolling in courses under 18 hours per week
Not Permitted Activities
B1/B2 visa holders cannot:
- Enroll in long-term educational programs.
- Work long-term with a US company.
- Perform in paid events before a paying audience.
- Work as crew members on ships or aircraft.
- Work in foreign press or journalism.
- Seek permanent residence in the US.
- Engage in birth tourism to obtain US citizenship for their child.
Key Information for B1/B2 Visa Holders:
Visa Updates: The Department of Homeland Security, Customs and Border Protection(CBP) will provide visa holders with updates throughout the year about the Electronic Visa Update System (EVUS) and the U.S.-China visa validity extension agreement.
Work Authorization: As of March 2023, B1 or B2 visa holders can apply for jobs and attend interviews in the U.S. but must obtain proper work authorization before starting employment.
Combined Visa: Typically, B1 and B2 visas are issued together, allowing holders to travel for both business and pleasure.
Multiple Entries and Potential Issues: Frequent or prolonged stays on a B1/B2 visa can lead to concerns about intent to live in the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers may question the visa’s use or your ties to your home country, potentially causing entry denial or future visa problems. Always follow the visa’s restrictions to avoid issues.
Eligibility Requirements for a B1/B2 Visa
To qualify for a B1/B2 visa, applicants must meet the following criteria:
- Temporary and Legitimate Purpose: The visit must be short-term and for a valid reason, such as business or tourism. Although “temporary” is not strictly defined, it generally means a limited stay. For instance, accompanying a partner on a long-term assignment or degree program can still be considered temporary if there’s a clear intent to leave the U.S. afterward.
- Defined Duration: The stay should have a clear end date. Even if it exceeds six months or a year, it must not be indefinite.
- Purpose Consistency: The length of stay should match the visit’s purpose.
- Plans for Departure: Applicants must have specific plans to leave the U.S. after their visit.
- Residence Abroad/Intent to Return: Proof of strong ties, such as a job, property, or family, that guarantee the applicant’s return. It is essential to have a principal and real residence abroad. An applicant’s intention to return to their home country cannot be satisfied by leaving behind a child, spouse, or other dependents.
- Financial Stability: Demonstrate sufficient funds to cover all trip expenses, including travel, accommodation, and living costs.
- Visa Requirements: Be aware of additional requirements such as having an ABTC, applying for a B1/B2 visa, and specific conditions for B1 and B2 visas.
Failure to meet these criteria may result in a visa denial under INA 214(b) (presumption of immigrant intent).
Steps to Apply for a B1/B2 Visa
- Determine Visa Type:
- Confirm that the B1/B2 visa is appropriate for your purpose of travel (business, tourism, or medical treatment).
- Complete the DS-160 Form:
- Fill out the Online Non-Immigrant Visa Application (Form DS-160) on the Consular Electronic Application Center (CEAC) website.
- Print the DS-160 confirmation page with the barcode for your records.
- Pay the Visa Application Fee:
- The standard application fee is $185. This fee is non-refundable.
- Some applicants may need to pay additional fees depending on their nationality and specific circumstances.
- Some nationalities may also need to enroll in the Electronic Visa Update System (EVUS)which includes a separate fee.
- Schedule Your Visa Interview:
- Book an appointment for your visa interview at the U.S.embassy or consulate in your home country.
- You can schedule the interview online through the embassy’s or consulate’s website.
- Prepare Required Documentation:
- A valid passport (with at least six months validity beyond your intended stay). Must have at least one blank page for the visa stamp.
- DS-160 confirmation page.
- Visa application fee receipt.
- Recent passport-sized photograph (meeting specific requirements).
- Bank statements, pay stubs, or other financial documents demonstrating sufficient funds to cover your trip.
- Evidence of ties to your home country, such as employment letters, property deeds, or family information that shows your intention to return after your visit.
- Travel itinerary, such as travel plans including flight bookings and accommodation arrangements.
- Previous U.S. travel history, if applicable.
- A letter from a U.S. host or organization inviting you to the U.S. for business or tourism, including details about the visit.
- Any other documents requested by the consular officer or required based on your circumstances.
- Attend the Visa Interview:
- Arrive at the embassy or consulate on the scheduled date and time.
- Be prepared to answer questions about your travel plans and provide any additional information or documentation requested.
- You will also undergo an ink-free, digital fingerprint scan during the interview.
- Additional Documentation or Follow-Up:
- If the consular officer requires additional documentation, provide it as requested.
- Sometimes additional processing may be needed before a final decision is made.
- Receive Your Visa:
- If approved, your passport will be returned with the B1/B2 visa stamped inside.
- Processing times can vary, so check with the embassy or consulate for estimated times.
B1/B2 Visa Interview Tips
- Prepare Thoroughly:
- Ensure all documents are complete and accurate.
- Familiarize yourself with your application and travel plans.
- Be Honest and Clear:
- Answer questions truthfully and directly.
- Avoid unnecessary details.
- Stay Calm and Confident:
- Maintain a positive attitude and stay relaxed.
- Dress professionally.
- Provide Relevant Information:
- Focus on your visit’s purpose, financial stability, and ties to your home country.
- Be ready to explain how you will cover your trip expenses and your return plans.
- Listen and Follow Instructions:
- Pay attention to questions and ask for clarification if needed.
- Follow any specific instructions from the consulate.
- Be Punctual:
- Arrive on time for your appointment.
Sample B1/B2 Visa Interview Questions
Purpose of Visit
Travel History
Relatives in the US
Sponsor
Accommodation
Sponsor’s Details
Travel Companions
Travel Plans
Activities in the US
Ticket Bookings
Expected Expenses
Previous International Travel
Duration of Stay
Return Assurance
Meeting Sponsor
Residence Details
Employment Details
Pension and Asset Ownership
Employment Intent
Children’s Information
Health Condition
Note: Be prepared to answer additional questions to confirm you are physically and mentally fit for travel.
Will the Consulate Review Your Supporting Documents?
Sometimes, visa applicants show up at the interview, with a handful of documents that demonstrate substantial ties to the home country and therefore a likelihood of timely return, but the consular officer does not look at them and denies the application anyway. This can feel unfair and seems to go against a fair process.
To avoid this, especially in complex or high-risk cases, you should send your documents ahead of time. Include:
- A copy of your supporting documents
- A sworn, notarized affidavit explaining your trip and ties to your home country
- Your name, visa case number, and interview date
- A copy of the Visa Interview Scheduling Notice
Send these to the Non-Immigrant Visa Unit of the Embassy or Consulate before your interview. While there is no guarantee the documents will be reviewed, this approach has worked for many applicants.
It is not easy to find the email address of the Non-Immigrant Visa Unit of the embassy or consulate. Over the years, the State Department has made it harder for the public to communicate with them. Here are the U.S. Embassy and Consulates and their website pages.
How Long Does It Take to Get a Visa Appointment?
The wait time for a B1/B2 visa interview can range from a few weeks to over a year, depending on the U.S. Embassy or Consulate. Use the State Department’s “Appointment Wait Time” tool for current wait times at specific locations. Applying in a different country from your home may lead to wait times longer. In emergencies, you can request an expedited interview.
Expedited Interview for B1/B2 Visa
In urgent situations, you can request an expedited appointment. Qualifying emergencies include:
- Urgent medical treatment
- Funerals
- Immediate business needs
How to Request an Emergency Appointment
- Complete the DS-160 Form: Ensure this form is filled out and submitted.
- Pay the Visa Fee: Ensure the visa application fee is paid.
- Schedule a Regular Appointment: Book a regular visa appointment through the U.S. Embassy or Consulate’s online system.
- Request an Expedited Appointment: Log in to your account, select “Expedite” on the appointment dashboard, and provide details and supporting documents for your emergency.
- Wait for Response: The consulate will review your request and notify you via email. If approved, follow the instructions to schedule your emergency appointment.
Documents for Emergency Requests
- Medical Emergencies: Letter from your doctor detailing the medical condition and urgency.
- Funerals/Death of a Family Member: Death certificate or letter from the funeral home.
- Urgent Business Needs: Letter from a U.S. employer or business partner explaining the urgency.
Important Notes
- Not all expedited requests are approved. Provide as much detail and supporting documentation as possible.
- If your request is denied, you will need to attend the regular appointment you scheduled
Visa Duration and Entry Details
- Maximum Stay: The maximum stay on a B1/B2 visa is up to 6 months per entry. Extensions in the US are possible under certain circumstances. The exact duration varies per visa holder but should not exceed 6 months.
- Multiple Entry: The B1/B2 visa typically allows multiple entries. There is no limit to the number of visits per year and each entry is at the discretion of the CBP officers. Be aware that certain travel patterns such as frequent trips to the US in quick succession or recent long stays may raise concerns with Customs and Border Protection (CBP).
Specific Information by Country
- Canada and Bermuda: Canadian and Bermudan citizens do not need a visa for tourism but need specific visas for studying, working, or moving to the US permanently.
- China: As of November 29, 2016, Chinese citizens with 10-year B1, B2, or B1/B2 visas must update their biographical information every 2 years or with a new passport or visa through the Electronic Visa Update System (EVUS). Enrollment is currently free but may incur a fee in the future. For details, visit the EVUS website.
- Mexico: Mexican citizens and permanent residents need a non-immigrant visa or Border Crossing Card (Laser Visa) to enter the U.S. The B-1/B2 visa and Border Crossing Card have been combined into one document (DSP-150). For more information, visit the U.S. Embassy or Consulate website in Mexico.
Understanding B-1/B-2 Visa Outcomes and What to Do if Denied
Applying for a B-1/B-2 visa to visit the U.S. for business or pleasure can result in different outcomes. Understanding these outcomes and what steps to take if your application is denied can help you navigate the process more effectively.
Possible Visa Outcomes
- Approved: If your visa is approved, it will be stamped in your passport. You can then travel to a U.S. port of entry, where a Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officer will determine your admissibility and length of stay.
- Administrative Processing: Sometimes, the consular officer may require additional administrative processing. This is not a denial but a delay while they review your case further. You might be asked to provide additional documents or information.
- Denied: A visa denial typically falls under Section 214(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), which presumes all applicants intend to immigrate until they can prove otherwise. Common reasons for denial include insufficient ties to your home country, failure to demonstrate the purpose of your visit, or past immigration violations.
Steps to Take if Your Visa Application is Denied
- Understand the Denial: The denial notice will specify the reason for the rejection. Common issues include weak ties to your home country, incomplete documentation, or an unclear purpose of travel.
- Address the Issues: Carefully review the denial reasons and identify how you can address them. This may involve providing additional evidence such as proof of employment, family ties, financial stability, property ownership, or detailed travel plans.
- Reapply: There is no mandatory waiting period to reapply after a denial. However, ensure you address the initial reasons for denial in your new application. Include additional documents and explanations to resolve the concerns raised earlier. Be prepared to pay the application fee again and possibly attend another interview.
- Seek Legal Advice: If you are unsure about the denial reasons or how to address them, consulting an immigration attorney can be beneficial. A lawyer can help you understand the denial, gather necessary documents, and strengthen your application.
- Letter of Reconsideration: In some cases, you can write a letter requesting reconsideration of your application. This letter should clearly state the reasons for denial and provide new evidence to support your case. However, this option is less common and may not always result in approval.
- Explore Alternative Visa Options: Depending on your circumstances, you might consider applying for a different type of visa that better fits your travel purpose. Consulting an immigration attorney can help you explore these alternative options.
If you are facing challenges with your B-1/B-2 visa application or need expert advice on navigating the process, our team at Herman Legal Group is here to assist. Contact us to book a personalized consultation and get the guidance you need to improve your chances of a successful application. Call us at +1 (216) 696-6170
Common Reasons for B1/B2 Visa Denial
- Errors on Form DS-160: Inaccuracy or incomplete information on the visa application form can lead to denial. Ensure all details are accurate and complete before submission.
- Applying From a Third Country: Applying for a visa from a country other than your home country can increase the risk of denial. It is generally advisable to apply from your country of residence.
- High Denial Rate Country: Applicants from countries with high visa denial rates should provide strong evidence to support their application.
- Unclear Travel Itinerary: Failure to present a detailed travel plan can result in denial. Ensure your itinerary is clear and well-documented.
- Financial Issues: Inability to demonstrate sufficient funds to cover your stay can lead to denial. Provide strong financial documents, such as bank statements and proof of income.
- Weak Ties to Home Country: Proving strong ties to your home country is essential to prove your intention to return. This can include evidence of employment, family connections, and property ownership.
- Previous Visa Denials: Past visa denials can impact future applications. Address the reasons for previous denials in your new application and provide evidence to counter any previous issues.
- Prior Immigration Violations: Previous violations, such as overstaying a visa, can lead to denial. Be aware of your past violations and seek advice on how to address them in your application.
- Unprepared for Visa Interview: Being unprepared or misrepresenting facts during the interview can lead to denial. Prepare thoroughly and answer questions honestly.
- Criminal History: A criminal record can make you inadmissible for a visa. Depending on the crime, you may need to apply for a Waiver of Inadmissibility.
Understanding CBP Decisions: What Happens If You’re Denied Entry on a B1/B2 Visa
Obtaining a B1/B2 visa is only the first step in visiting the U.S.; you must also be approved by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers at the port of entry. If CBP determines you are not eligible for entry, there are several potential outcomes and procedures, including expedited removal and visa cancellation. Here’s what you need to know:
Reasons for Denial
CBP officers may deny entry to a B1/B2 visa holder for several reasons:
- Misrepresentation: Providing false or misleading information or documents.
- Immigration Intent: Suspected intent to immigrate rather than visit temporarily.
- Insufficient Funds: Lack of sufficient funds to cover your stay.
- Prior Violations: History of immigration violations or overstays.
- Security Concerns: Suspicion of involvement in criminal activities or posing a security threat.
CBP’s Options if Entry is Denied:
- Expedited Removal:
- Description: This process allows CBP to remove individuals from the U.S. without a formal hearing.
- Criteria: Applicable if you are inadmissible under specific sections of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) for issues like misrepresentation or lack of valid documents, and are within 100 miles of the U.S. border and have been in the U.S. for less than 14 days.
- Consequences: Includes a 5-year reentry ban to the U.S.
- Visa Cancellation Without Prejudice:
- Description: CBP may cancel your B1/B2 visa without prejudice.
- Implications: The visa is invalidated, but the cancellation is not due to wrongdoing; you simply do not meet the entry requirements at that time.
- Future Actions: You can reapply for a new visa in the future, and the canceled visa will not negatively impact your new application.
- Withdrawal of Application for Admission:
- Description: You may be allowed to withdraw your application for admission.
- Process: This option allows you to avoid formal removal proceedings, requires you to leave the U.S. immediately (usually on the next available flight), and imposes no re entry ban, so you can reapply for entry later.
- Deferred Inspection:
- Description: CBP may defer your inspection to a later date.
- Process: You may be allowed into the U.S. temporarily to undergo a detailed inspection at a CBP office later. This option is used for complex cases requiring additional documentation or review.
- Usage: While not commonly used, it provides a temporary solution pending further examination.
Summary
- CBP Authority: CBP officers determine admissibility at the port of entry. A valid B1/B2 visa does not guarantee entry.
- Expedited Removal: Immediate removal with a 5-year reentry ban for issues like misrepresentation or invalid documents.
- Visa Cancellation: Cancellation without prejudice allows future reapplication without penalties from the canceled visa.
- Voluntary Withdrawal: Avoids formal removal proceedings; reapply for entry later without a ban.
- Deferred Inspection: A temporary measure for cases needing further documentation or review.
Understanding the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) and ESTA Application Process
The Visa Waiver Program (VWP) enables citizens of 38 countries to travel to the U.S. for tourism, business, or transit purposes without needing a visa for stays of up to 90 days. Here’s a list of countries participating in the VWP:
- Andorra
- Australia
- Austria
- Belgium
- Brunei
- Chile
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Ireland
- Italy
- Japan
- Korea, Republic of (South Korea)
- Latvia
- Liechtenstein
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Monaco
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Norway
- Portugal
- San Marino
- Singapore
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Taiwan
- United Kingdom
Applying for ESTA
To travel to the U.S. under the VWP, you need to apply for an Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA). Although it’s not a visa, ESTA is required for entry under the VWP.
Steps to Apply for ESTA
- Check Eligibility
- Citizenship: You must be a citizen or eligible national of a VWP country.
- Travel Purpose: Your visit must be for 90 days or less, for business, tourism, or transit.
- Valid Passport: You need an e-passport with an embedded electronic chip.
- Gather Required Information
- Personal Details: Full name, date of birth, passport information.
- Travel Information: Flight details, U.S. contact information (if applicable), address where you’ll stay in the U.S.
- Employment Information: Current or previous employer details.
- Visit the ESTA Website
- Go to the ESTA Website.
- Apply for ESTA
- Start Application: Click on “New Application” and choose “Individual Application” or “Group of Applications” if traveling with others.
- Enter Information: Complete the form with accurate personal, travel, and employment details, matching your passport exactly.
- Answer Security Questions: Respond to questions about health, criminal history, and past visa denials.
- Submit Application
- Review: Double-check all information to avoid errors, which could lead to denial.
- Submit: Once verified, submit your application.
- Pay the Fee
- Payment: Use a credit or debit card to pay the ESTA fee, currently $21 (subject to change).
- Confirmation: Receive a confirmation of your application submission.
- Wait for Approval
- Processing Time: ESTA applications are typically processed instantly but may take up to 72 hours.
- Check Status: Monitor your application status on the ESTA website using your application number.
- Print Authorization
- Print: While not required at entry, keeping a printed copy of your ESTA approval is recommended for your records.
Tips for ESTA Application
- Apply Early: Complete your ESTA application as soon as you book your trip to avoid last-minute issues.
- Validity: An approved ESTA is valid for multiple entries over 2 years or until your passport expires, whichever comes first.
- Update Information: You can update certain details, such as your email address or U.S. contact information, after approval.
Eligibility for Changing or Adjusting Status After Entering on a B1/B2 Visa
B1/B2 visas are designed for temporary visits to the U.S. for business, tourism, or medical treatment. However, you may be able to change to another visa type or adjust your status while in the U.S., provided you meet certain conditions. Common changes include:
- Student Visa (F-1): For those wishing to study in the U.S.
- Work Visa (H-1B): For those with a job offer and employer sponsorship.
- Marriage-Based Green Card: For those married to U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents.
Process for Changing Status
- File a Change of Status Application:
- Submit your application with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) before your current status expires.
- Timing:
- Apply at least 45 days before your B1/B2 status expires to avoid gaps in your legal status.
- Eligibility:
- Ensure that your intended purpose aligns with the new visa type and that you have not violated your status.
- Approval:
- USCIS makes the final decision on your application.
Preconceived Intent Warning
A significant risk when applying to change or adjust status is the issue of preconceived intent. This refers to entering the U.S. on a B1/B2 visa with the intention of changing or adjusting your status, which is contrary to the visa’s temporary nature.
What is Preconceived Intent?
B1/B2 visas are meant for short-term visits. If you apply to change or adjust status shortly after arrival, it may suggest that you had an intent to stay permanently, which is not allowed under the B1/B2 visa terms.
Risks and Consequences
- Visa Revocation and Removal Proceedings : If found with preconceived intent, your visa may be revoked, and you could face deportation proceedings with potential bans on future U.S. entry.
- Denial of Status Change or Adjustment: USCIS may deny your application based on preconceived intent, seeing it as misrepresentation of your initial purpose for entering the U.S.
- Impact on Future Visa Applications: A finding of preconceived intent can negatively affect future visa applications, as it may be viewed as a misrepresentation of your intentions.
- Permanent Record of Misrepresentation: Any misrepresentation will be recorded permanently, complicating future visa applications.
Indicators of Preconceived Intent
- Timing: Applying for a status change soon after entry can be seen as suspicious. USCIS scrutinizes applications made within 90 days of entry.
- Nature of Status Change: Transitioning from a visitor visa to a status allowing long-term stay or employment can trigger scrutiny.
- Previous Visa Issues: Quick applications following prior visa denials for immigrant intent can raise red flags.
- Inconsistent Statements: Discrepancies between your visa interview statements and subsequent actions can be problematic.
How to Mitigate Risks
- Be Transparent and Consistent: Ensure that all statements and intentions align with your actual plans and visa requirements.
- Avoid Rapid Changes: Avoid applying for a change of status immediately upon arrival. If necessary, provide compelling evidence that your circumstances changed unexpectedly.
- Consult an Immigration Attorney: Seek legal advice to navigate the complexities of changing or adjusting status. An attorney can help address potential preconceived intent issues and strengthen your application.
- Provide Strong Evidence: Collect and present documents demonstrating your initial intent for a temporary stay and any substantial changes justifying a status change.
By knowing preconceived intent and taking steps to mitigate the risks, B1/B2 visa holders can navigate their immigration options better and avoid big problems.
B-2 Visa for Medical Treatment in the U.S.: Essential Documents and Requirements
If you are seeking medical treatment in the US, you need to have additional documents on top of the regular requirements. These documents will prove the necessity of your medical visit and your ability to pay for the expenses. Here are the documents you need to present:
Required Medical Care Documents
- Medical Diagnosis from a Local Doctor: This should explain your condition and why you need to be treated in the US.
- Letter from US Doctor or Medical Facility: Secure a letter from a U.S.-based doctor or medical facility outlining their commitment to treating your condition. The letter should include:
- Details of the treatment plan.
- Estimated duration of the treatment.
- A breakdown of all associated costs, including doctor’s fees, hospitalization, and other medical expenses.
- Statement of Financial Responsibility: Provide a statement from the individual or organization covering your expenses. This statement should include:
- Proof of their financial capability, such as bank statements or certified copies of income tax returns.
- Documentation of their commitment to cover your transportation, medical, and living expenses.
Additional Medical Treatment Requirements
- Medical Report: Provide a medical report from a doctor in your home country describing the medical condition and possibility of treatment locally.
- US Doctor’s Statement: Ensure the U.S. doctor provides a statement on official letterhead, including:
- A description of your medical condition.
- The recommended treatment and associated costs.
- Appointment dates and any other relevant details.
- Proof of Financial Capability: Submit bank statements or an affidavit of support showing ability to pay for the treatment.
Note: Even with all the information about your medical condition and proposed treatment, visa approval is not guaranteed. All visa applicants must prove they are not intending immigrants.
B-2 Visa for Pregnant Women: What You Need to Know
Traveling to the U.S. to Give Birth
The B-2 visa is for tourism and short-term visits, not for giving birth in the U.S. to get U.S. citizenship for your baby. If a consular officer suspects that your main reason for traveling is to give birth in the U.S., they may deny your visa. However, you can show that your trip has a different primary purpose.
Purpose of Your Trip
Consular officers look for signs that you might be traveling to give birth in the U.S. This could be indicated on your DS-160 form or during your visa interview. For example, if you say your trip is for “Tourism/Medical Treatment” but they suspect otherwise, they may ask more questions. Officers should handle pregnancy-related questions with care and privacy.
Focus on Your Current Trip
Visa officers should only consider your current trip’s purpose. Being pregnant or the chance of becoming pregnant should not affect your visa application if your travel purpose is valid.
Proving Your True Intent
If an officer suspects you might give birth in the U.S., you need to prove that your primary purpose is not birth tourism. Here’s how:
- Medical Reasons: If you need specific medical treatment in the U.S. that isn’t available in your home country, provide evidence that this is the main reason for your visit.
- Family Visits: If you are visiting a family member who is very ill and might give birth while there, show that your main reason is the family visit.
Important Points
- Prearranged Birth Plans: Having a plan or preference to give birth in the U.S. does not automatically prove you are coming for birth tourism. Officers will check if you have good medical options in your home country.
- Citizenship Considerations: If your baby will get U.S. citizenship automatically (e.g., through U.S. citizen parents), this alone does not mean you are committing birth tourism.
In short, if you can clearly show that your main purpose for visiting the U.S. is not related to giving birth for citizenship, you should be able to overcome concerns about birth tourism. Be prepared to explain and document your travel purpose clearly.
Understanding Unlawful Gainful Employment on a B-1 Visa
The B-1 visa allows foreigners to enter the U.S. for specific business-related activities but not for employment. It is crucial to differentiate between permissible business activities and unlawful gainful employment.
Key Points on B-1 Visa Usage
- Purpose: The B-1 visa is for short-term business activities such as negotiating contracts, consulting with business associates, attending conferences, participating in litigation, or conducting independent research.
- Employment Restrictions: The B-1 visa does not permit engaging in skilled or unskilled labor. If you plan to perform work or labor in the U.S., you should apply for a different type of visa.
Understanding Unlawful Employment
Determining what constitutes permissible business activity versus unlawful employment can be complex. Here’s a breakdown:
- Principal Place of Business: The primary operations and profit accrual should be based outside the U.S. The foreign entity must have its main office abroad.
- Source of Remuneration: Payment for work should come from a foreign source. Receiving a salary from a U.S. source is not allowed under the B-1 visa. Any compensation should be processed from the foreign entity.
- Nature of Activities: Your activities should be incidental to business conducted abroad and not involve productive labor in the U.S. For example:
- An Italian tailor coming to the U.S. only to measure a customer for suits made in Italy.
- A German technician assisting with the installation of equipment sold by her German employer to a U.S. customer.
Payments from U.S. Sources
Generally, direct payment from a US source is not allowed under B-1. But there are exceptions, especially for academic activities.
- Honorarium Payments:
- According to the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) Section 212(q), B-1 visa holders can receive an honorarium from a US institution for usual academic activities which include lecturing, guest teaching or performing in an academic-sponsored festival. This honorarium can be accompanied by incidental expenses.
- Conditions: The following conditions must be met:
- The activities must not exceed nine days at any single institution.
- The professor must not have accepted such payments from more than five institutions or organizations over the past six months.
- The honorarium is for services conducted for the benefit of the US institution or entity.
- Incidental Expenses:
- Professors and others can be reimbursed for travel, accommodation, and meals, as long as the reimbursement does not exceed the actual expenses incurred.
For Foreign Professors
- Pre-Approval: Ensure the US institution inviting the professor is aware of and complies with the B-1 visa regulations regarding honorarium payments and expenses.
- Documentation: Have clear documentation outlining the purpose of the visit, the duration, and the financial arrangements, including any honorarium or reimbursement for expenses.
By adhering to these guidelines, you can ensure that your activities on a B-1 visa remain within legal bounds and avoid issues with unlawful gainful employment.
Alternative Uses for the B-1 and B-2 Visas
While the B-1 visa is commonly associated with business executives, it is also available to various other individuals under specific circumstances. Similarly, the B-2 visa, typically used for tourism, has additional uses. Here’s an overview of both visa categories:
B-1 Visa Categories
The B-1 visa is for short-term business activities. Here are some lesser-known uses:
- Religious Leaders and Missionaries:
- Temporary tours supported by offerings from meetings.
- Exchanging pulpits temporarily without receiving a U.S. salary.
- Performing missionary work without U.S. salary.
- Voluntary Service Program Participants:
- Engaging in voluntary service for U.S. communities, supported by recognized organizations.
- Board Members of U.S. Corporations:
- Attending board meetings or fulfilling board-related functions.
- Professional Athletes:
- Competing for prize money or as part of a foreign-based team.
- Yacht Crewmen:
- Providing services on recreational vessels with foreign residences.
- Participants in Clerkship Programs:
- Foreign medical students participating in elective clerk ships without U.S. remuneration.
- International Fairs or Expositions:
- Planning, assembling, dismantling, or maintaining exhibits.
- Personal Employees/Domestic Workers:
- Accompanying U.S. or foreign employers temporarily if they have a residence abroad and an employment contract.
- Commercial or Industrial Workers:
- Installing, servicing, or repairing equipment purchased from abroad.
- Foreign Airline Employees:
- Working for foreign airlines in executive, supervisory, or highly technical capacities or joining an aircraft for international flights
- Other Business Activities:
- Seeking investment opportunities or participating in specific short-term professional activities without receiving a salary from US sources.
B-2 Visa categories
1. Fiancé(e) of US Citizens or Lawful Permanent Residents
Fiancé(e)s intending to marry a US citizen petitioner within 90 days of admission are usually classified under the K-1 non-immigrant category. But a B-2 visa can be issued if the fiancé(e) plans to return to their home country soon after the marriage. B-2 visas may be granted for the following reasons:
- To visit the family of their fiancé(e)
- To get engaged
- To plan the wedding
- To rekindle the relationship with the prospective spouse
2. Fiancé(e) of Non-immigrants in the United States
Fiancé(e)s of non-immigrants in valid non-immigrant status (e.g., F, H, J, L, M, O, P, Q) can get a B-2 visa if they plan to return to their home country after the visit. They should apply for a change of status to the derivative of their non-immigrant spouse soon after marriage. A B-2 visa is not applicable if the fiancé(e) plans to stay permanently in the US.
3. Proxy Marriage Spouse
A spouse married by proxy to a non-immigrant in the US can get a B-2 visa to join their spouse. Upon arrival, the spouse must seek permission from DHS to change to the appropriate derivative non-immigrant status after the marriage is consummated.
4. Spouse or Child of US Citizens or Non-citizen Residents
Spouses and children, including adopted children, of US citizens or non-citizen residents can be classified as B-2 visitors if traveling to visit or join their family member for a short term visit.
5. Cohabitating Partners, Extended Family Members and Other Household Members
B-2 visas are applicable for household members of non-citizens in long term non-immigrant status who are not eligible for derivative status. This includes:
- Cohabitating partners
- Elderly parents of temporary workers, students, or foreign government officials
- Parents of minor F-1 child-students These may also include those accompanying US citizens returning temporarily from overseas. If the stay is expected to be more than 6 months, they should request 1 year stay upon admission and can apply for extensions in 6 month increments.
6. Applicants under INA 329
Applicants eligible for benefits under INA 329 and seeking entry can be classified as B-2 visitors without meeting the foreign residence requirement.
7. Children under INA 322
Children under 18 eligible for expeditious naturalization under INA 322 can get B-2 visas to facilitate their naturalization. The child must plan to return abroad after naturalization. If living with parents abroad who do not plan to return to the US, the child will generally overcome the presumption of immigration intent.
8. Dependents of Non-citizen US Armed Forces Members
Dependents of non-citizen US Armed Forces members eligible for naturalization under INA 328 can get B visas to accompany their service member on assignments to the US. Future status adjustment does not require visa denial under INA 214(b).
9. Applicants Enrolling in Recreational or Avocational Schools
Applicants enrolling in schools for recreational or educational purposes can be classified as B-2 visitors. If the nature of the program is unclear, DHS should determine the appropriate classification and whether an F-1 student visa is more suitable.
10. Lawful Permanent Residents Needing Emergency Temporary Visit
Lawful Permanent Residents (LPRs) needing to travel to the US urgently can get a B visa for temporary visits without surrendering their Form I-551. This may apply to LPRs temporarily assigned abroad for over a year by a US corporation. The visa should reflect the nature and duration of the travel.
11. Adoptive Child coming to the US for Citizenship
An adoptive child seeking US citizenship under the Child Citizenship Act of 2000 can get a B-2 visa if they plan to return abroad after a temporary stay in the US.
These examples show the B-2 visa flexibility in accommodating special situations so individuals can visit the US for specific and often personal reasons while still complying with immigration rules.
FAQs on U.S. Visas
Navigating the intricacies of B1/B2 visitor visas can be challenging, but understanding the requirements and processes can make the journey smoother. Whether you are traveling for business, tourism, or seeking medical treatment, being well prepared with the necessary documentation is crucial. Always ensure your travel plans align with the visa’s guidelines to avoid complications. For personalized assistance and expert advice, consider consulting with Herman Legal Group. Our experienced immigration attorneys are dedicated to helping you achieve a successful and stress-free visit to the United States. Contact us today to learn how we can support your immigration needs.
Expert Legal Help At Herman Legal Group, LLC
24/7 Support, Just A Call Away!
During this week, to raise awareness about consumer protection issues, the Herman Legal Group reminds consumers that they are at risk now more than ever from a spike in unauthorized takeover of their bank accounts, through check and electronic payments fraud. There is an alarming trend of U.S. financial institutions refusing to protect and reimburse victims of bank account fraud.
To protect the consumers in her state, New York Attorney General Letitia James recently filed a lawsuit to hold Citibank accountable for failing to protect its customers and require the company to pay back defrauded New Yorkers with interest, pay penalties, and adopt enhanced anti-fraud defenses to prevent scammers from stealing consumer funds (People of the State of New York vs. Citibank, Case No. 24 CIV 0659, US District Court, S. District of New York, January 30, 2024).
In an effort to raise awareness of this issue, Attorney Richard Herman, the founder and president of the Herman Legal Group, has contacted Senator Sherrod Brown of Ohio, the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs, to initate a Congressional investigation into Ohio-based Fifth Third Bank, and other financial institutions on their practices to protect account holders from unauthorized takers, and to reimburse for losses due to fraud.
An account holder with Fifth Third for over 20 years, the Herman Legal Group filed complaints with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (Case No: 240222-13394653), the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (Case No: CS0312485), and the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (Case No: 169865531) on February 22, 2024 claiming the following:
* From June, 2023 until December 2023, the firm’s checking account was repeatedly breached by an unauthorized account takeover through a forged check scheme (which included altering the payor name, and forging the signature)
* The firm timely notified the bank of the breaches of the account.
* Fifth Third failed to secure the account from initial and on-going theft.
* Fifth Third refused to reimburse the law firm for its losses.
The complaints allege that Fifth Third Bank misleads victims of fraud and illegally denies reimbursements.
“All banking customers must be vigilant. They should ask their bank what steps are being taken to secure their hard-earned funds, and whether the bank reimburses victimes of fraud. They may be surprised at what they discover.”
— Richard T. Herman, Esq.
On august 24, 2022, Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas today announced that the Department has issued a final rule that will preserve and fortify the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) policy for certain eligible noncitizens who arrived in the United States as children, deferring their removal and allowing them an opportunity to access a renewable, two-year work permit.
What is DACA?
The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) is a policy put in place in 2012 by the Obama administration. It aims at deferring actions toward those who for any reason found themselves in the U.S. unlawfully because they were brought into the country while they were still a child.
The DACA which is based on a simple memo defers the deportation of those individuals also called dreamers allowing them to apply for a renewable two years work permit.
The DACA in a difficult situation
Since the end of the Obama administration, several anti-immigrants had attacked the DACA intending to strike it down. This brought the Trump administration to put an end to it. The Supreme Court overturned that termination on June 18th, 2021 on the ground that it was done in an appropriate manner.
The court estimated that the Trump administration, by terminating the DACA, violated the Administration Procedure Act.
This meant that the Dreamers who previously had DACA could continue applying for a renewal. Also, the other happy people were first-time applicants who from then on could now apply for DACA.
However, voices are continuously being raised against the DACA. Republicans are more prone to striking it down while Democrats are striving for it to be maintained.
The DHS’s decision to fortify and secure DACA
Referred to as the Final Rule, the 450 – pages document issued by the Department of Homeland Security will become effective on October 31st, 2022. It expresses the effort of the Biden administration to strengthen the DACA in order to reinforce the protection of the so-called Dreamers.
Though it does not allow new DACA applications, the document does protect the over 600,000 people enrolled in the program. President Biden even clearly states that the Final Rule is part of his administration’s will to strengthen DACA in order to offer more protections such as work authorization in order for them to live more freely and contribute to the development of their communities in the United States.
Since the creation of that program by president Obama’s administration, at least 800,000 people had benefited from it because not only they were not deported but they are allowed to apply for work permits.
If today the dreamers can rejoice in this milestone reached, anything can still happen before October 31st. Neither the current legal challenges nor those which may come up before the due date can be mitigated by the Final Rule. It is also to be noticed that even if the rule enters into effect, the court can still overturn it as unlawful.
Moreover, if it is not stricken down and President Biden fails to be reelected in 2024, the republican can still take it down but they will have to go through the perilous national rulemaking procedure. Unless the program ends up in federal laws nothing is one hundred percent sure as anti-immigrants can still attack it and try to rule it over.
According to the executive director of the National Immigration Law Center, Mrs. Marielena Hincapié, strengthening DACA that way is a step towards the ultimate goal which is “congressional action”.
The Final Rule is meant to replace the policy guidance in the memo known as the legal basis for DACA since 2012. It confirms the eligibility criteria and the process for applicants to get work permits, and considers Dreamers as “lawfully present” on the U.S. territory. On that ground, they will not be prioritized for deportation.
The Democrat-led Senate unanimously passed the Inflation Reduction Act, a flagship bill containing a streamlined version of President Biden’s “Build Back Better “reform agenda. Provisions in the bill, which is expected to be introduced in the House of Representatives this week, aim to reduce the deficit, lower prices for prescription drugs and address the climate crisis, but it contains no immigration measures.
The bill contains no measures to address visa shortages, improve processing, legalize unauthorized persons, reform immigration courts or hold Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) accountable for corruption and abuse.
Why is Immigration Reform not Included in President Biden’s Election Agenda?
A year ago, the Build Back Better (BBB) project was gaining momentum, even though it was only an agenda for Democrats. On 9. in August, Senate Democrats unveiled a 3.5 trillion package, which included billion 107 billion for immigration reform.
To be passed, the bill would not only have to have the support of all 50 Democrats, but also satisfy the “Byrd rule” to be passed as part of the budget regulations. After several rounds, the Senate parliamentarian removed most of the immigration provisions.
The failure of the Byrd rule was fatal because it meant that the immigration regulations would have to have 60 votes to pass-an impossible number to achieve with an evenly divided Senate.
Should we rejoice when the bill so clearly excludes immigration?
In December, intra-party disagreements brought the BBB to its knees, and in particular leading moderate Democrats Joe Manchin (WV) and Kyrsten Sinema (AZ) were not on the bandwagon.
Negotiations were suspended. There were virtually no visible moves until late July, when Senator Manchin and Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer announced an agreement.
There is no doubt that ruling out any positive immigration reform is a major failure for the Democrats. For a party and a president who have long highlighted the crucial role that immigrants have played in the growth and success of the country, as well as in the recovery from the pandemic, the exclusion of immigration is a blatant failure. It is also a capitulation to political pressure for Democrats to be accused of being weak on the issue of border enforcement.
The Democrats’ refusal to promote immigration reform in the bill cannot be attributed solely to the Byrd rule. In 2021, the MEP expressed no opinion on the Byrd rule on the reform package, which would have restored and improved the processing of family visas based on employment and diversity. This left the door open for Senators Manchin and Schumer to include it in their agreement.
But with the November elections fast approaching, many moderate Democrats were simply willing to vote for legalization and other immigration reforms. It is true that many Republicans were expected to demand votes on controversial amendments that would exclude and scapegoat refugees, asylum seekers, and other immigrants.
When the inflation reduction bill went to debate, it seemed almost inevitable that some of the 60 or so immigration-damaging amendments to the bill would pass. A handful of Democrats had already joined Senator Lankford and other Republicans on a bill aimed at stopping President Biden’s attempt to overturn Trump’s policy of banning and deporting asylum seekers, known as Section 42. As many other Democrats expressed concern, CNN called it a rebellion against Biden.
To reinforce the threat, it was announced on the first day of the debate that Senator Lankford’s amendment to Section 42 would require only 50 votes to pass, even though it clearly violated the Byrd rule and should have required 60 votes.
Many Democratic senators had called for a general party pact to vote against any amendment, and Senators Menendez and Padilla called for the party to protect immigrants from being used as “political pawns.” Interestingly, all 50 senators voted against the amendment.
The fact that Sen. Jon Tester (D-MT) submitted a similar amendment to Section 42, which required 60 votes to pass, helped ensure that moderate Democrats, who are vulnerable in the next election, could vote for this amendment knowing that it would not get 60 votes and vote against Lankford’s amendment.
This caused a stir-Senator Lankford, in a speech on the Senate floor, accused Democrats of using a procedural trick to reject his amendment-“that’s why people are so angry with Washington DC.”
AILA position
AILA urged senators to oppose the Section 42 amendment. In recent weeks, AILA has urged its members and the public to take action, resulting in more than 8,000 messages to Congress alone on this issue.
In general, we have called on Congress to” not harm ” immigrants. We worked with coalition partners to stop an amendment that would have stopped the hiring of IRS agents until 18,000 additional border guards were hired-an absurd proposal given reports of corruption and abuse in the border guards and the severe difficulties DHS is having in hiring qualified agents.
Equally ludicrous were two amendments, which were also rejected and would have shifted 500 million from the bill intended to ameliorate climate disasters, to the unnecessary construction of a border wall and interior law enforcement-none of which was supported by a justification for the need.
In the end, all the anti-immigrant proposals put to a vote were blocked. Thanks to all the senators who defended their positions and protected immigrants from these disgusting and hateful policies.
After two decades of defending the rights of immigrants and refugees, I cannot remember another time when immigrants were exposed to such grave risks and came out unscathed. At a time in U.S. history when xenophobia is unacceptably high, we should celebrate the passage of this bill without harming immigration.
This notice provides an overview of the number of immigrant numbers available in September in terms of: “dates of final measures “and” dates of application,” indicating the dates when applicants for immigrant visas should be advised to collect and submit the necessary documents to the National Visa Center.
Procedures for Setting Dates
Consular officers must notify the Department of State of visa applicants whose number of qualified documents is limited; USCIS notifies applicants of adjustment of status.
The fiscal year limit for family-sponsored preferential immigrants established in accordance with Section 201 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) is set. The limit for immigrants for a fiscal year is based on employment preference and is calculated in accordance with INA 201.
Section 202 states that the land limit for preferential immigrants is set at 7 percent of the total annual limits for employment-based preferential immigrants. The limit for dependent territories is set at 2%.
There are also visas issued under the Dvlottery, whose fee per person is 100 rubles. country and criteria may vary from year to year.
Visa Section and Application
Section 203 (e) of the INA provides that preferential family and work visas are issued to eligible immigrants in the order in which an application is made on behalf of each individual.
Section 203 (d) states that spouses and children of preferential immigrants are entitled to the same status and order if they accompany or accompany the main person. The visa allocation provisions of Section 202 (e) apply to quotas for a foreign state or dependent territory if the visa application crosses a national border.
Section 203 (a) of the INA establishes family sponsorship preference classes for family-sponsored immigrant visas in 4 options
- 1: (F1) unmarried sons and daughters of U.S. citizens: a given number plus a number not required for the fourth preference.
- 2: spouses and sons and unmarried sons and daughters of permanent residents: a certain number plus the number (if any) by which the total level of family preferences reaches a certain threshold, plus a possible unused number of first preferences, of which F2A spouses and sons of permanent residents with a certain percentage of the total limit of the second preference, the land border, or F2B unmarried sons and daughters (age 21 and older) of permanent resident aliens with 23% of the total limit of the second preference.
- 3: (F3) married sons and daughters of U.S. citizens: a number plus the number not required by the first and second preference.
- 4: (F4) brothers and sisters of adult U. S. citizens: a certain number plus the number not required in the first three preferences.
Applicants for immigration visas with a priority date before the application date listed in the table below may collect and submit the necessary documents for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ National Visa Center upon receipt of a notice from the National Visa Center with detailed instructions.
The application date for an oversubscribed category is the priority date for the first applicant who cannot submit documents to the National Visa Center for an immigrant visa. If a category is designated as “current,” all applicants in that category may submit applications, regardless of the priority date.
Section 203(b) of the INA establishes the following classes of preference for the issuance of employment-based immigrant visas based on employment-based preferences
- First: priority workers: 28.6 percent of the total level of employment-based preferences, plus the number not required for the fourth and fifth preferences.
- Second: professionals with higher education or exceptional skills: 28.6 percent of the total level of employment-based preferences, plus the number not required in the first preference.
- Third: skilled, qualified and other workers: 28.6 percent of the total level, plus the number not required under the first and second preference, of which no more than 10,000 can be allocated to “other workers.”
- Fourth, some special immigrants: 7.1% of the world level.
- Fifth, job creation: 7.1% of the total level, of which at least 3,000 are reserved for investors in a targeted rural area or an area with high unemployment, and 3,000 are reserved for investors in regional centers according to § 610 of Pub. L. 102-395.
Remember
September is a very special month for visas. You need to be informed so that you can do what you need to do and when you need to do it so that you can apply.
Unless otherwise noted on the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) website www.uscis.gov/visabulletininfo, individuals who wish to file applications for adjustment of status with USCIS in the Department of Homeland Security should use the” Final Action Dates ” forms below to determine when they may file such applications.
When USCIS determines that there are more immigration visas available for the fiscal year than there are known applicants for those visas, USCIS will indicate on its Web site that applicants may instead use the “Visa Filing Dates” tables in this bulletin.
Need For Help ?
Schedule a personal consultation with Attorney Richard Herman by calling 1-216-696-6170, or by booking online. Consultations can be conducted by zoom, skype, whatsapp, facetime, or in-office.
The pandemic triggered on a global scale by Covid-19 has opened up troubling questions: about the evolution in itself of the viral contagion, unknown.
To its origins and for which there is still a lack of an effective remedy, but also on the effects-political, economic, social-that we will have to face even after the health emergency is over.
Many argue that in the “world of tomorrow” nothing will be the same as before: we must therefore expect radical transformations, starting with habits related to daily life. Others believe, cynically, that once the ”great fear” has passed, societies will return to their usual rhythms.
The precautions of the USCIS
Before COVID, all signatures on USCIS forms required a “handwritten signature”. This means that the signature must be original and cannot be reproduced by scanning or copying. In response to the current COVID19 pandemic, USCIS announced that it is making the signing policy permanent for the COVID era.
Since the pandemic, USCIS has relaxed its signature policy to accept national orders to receive photocopied, forged and scanned signatures. This means that the forms no longer have to be the original versions, but can be copied versions of the original signatures. This policy, originally a response to a pandemic, has now become permanent.
USCIS still does not accept digital or electronic signatures, so the reproduced signature must be an original signature, but this policy has removed the need for applicants to send original documents from their place of residence to their lawyer’s office by mail.
Please note, however, that this policy does not apply to all applications. Many applications, including applications filed at the border, still require original and wet signatures.
USCIS has also announced that it is extending its policy of postponing the deadline to the 23rd. October 2022. This policy gave applicants an additional 60 days to respond to requests for information and notices of refusal.
USCIS announced that USCIS will make its COVID-19 flexibility permanent to accept all benefit forms and documents with original signatures that have been copied, scanned, or otherwise reproduced for submission purposes. This change applies only to signatures. All other instructions for forms must be followed when filling out a form.
WHO’s Position and Initiatives On the Issue
The World Health Organization (WHO) is using the emergence of the post-vaccination omicron variant of the Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) to lobby for a “global treaty on pandemics”.
Wednesday, December 1st prompted the world leaders of the WHO to start negotiations to create a binding international agreement on the prevention and management of future pandemics.
The decision to start drafting a global treaty on the pandemic was announced by the World Health Assembly, a forum organized by the WHO executive board. The decision was approved by all the participants of the Assembly after three days of discussions.
The agreement authorized the creation of an “intergovernmental negotiating body” responsible for drafting and negotiating the final wording of the global pandemic treaty. This treaty must be ratified by the WHO member states.
The Ideas of the Authorities on Future Crises
The Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said : countries that commit to negotiating a global agreement “will help protect future generations from the effects of pandemics”.
WHO member states have agreed to create the global pandemic treaty in the context of growing international concerns about the post-vaccine Omicron variant of COVID-19. Among the issues that the treaty should cover are the exchange of research data and genomic sequences of NYE viruses.
The WHO Director-General warned that the creation of a legally binding international agreement to enforce pandemic protocols will make it impossible for people in local or state jurisdictions to hold their elected representatives to account, as they will be replaced by unelected bureaucrats who cannot be held accountable.
The United States supports a global agreement on the pandemic
The agreement on the pandemic is not expected to be finalized to the satisfaction of most WHO member states for several years. However, the United States has already expressed its support for the preparation of the proposal.
“The United States is committed to working with member states to advance the latest recommendations of the Task Force on Preparedness and Response,” White House spokeswoman Jen Psaki said in a statement.
“This includes the development of a new WHO convention or other international instrument and the conclusion of agreements aimed at improving the effectiveness and flexibility of international health regulations.”
The United States takes a stand
A US-led bloc of nations initially opposed the inclusion of language in the future pandemic treaty that would have made the treaty legally binding. But later, the White House issued a statement in which it supported the first draft resolution negotiated by the World Health Assembly.
The international body negotiating the treaty will hold its first meeting no later than January 1. March 2022. The agenda of this meeting will consist of agreeing on a timetable for the preparation of the treaty. The second meeting is held no later than the 1st. august 2022. The agenda for this second meeting will be a discussion on the status of a draft draft treaty.
What we can remember?
The world has changed and we will have to change with it. But the various initiatives to make permanent the measures of the COVID crisis will have to be more seriously debated.
Between these official meetings, WHO and the treaty negotiators will hold public consultations to inform the public of their decisions. A progress report will be officially presented on the 76th. World Health Assembly in 2023. The final agreement will be presented on the 77th. World Health Assembly for the treatment of the 77th World Health Assembly in 2024.
In most countries, it is not very difficult to become a citizen. If a person is born to a father and/or mother who is a citizen of the country, they are considered a citizen.
However, because people are living, breathing, mobile beings, it is often the case that due to work, persecution, political crises, natural environmental disasters, health, family situation, or one of many other factors, they find themselves in a country other than the one of which they are a citizen by birth.
With little or no option to return home or because of their work, the best option they have is to find a way to obtain the citizenship of their host country. In the United States, it is quite complex for a foreigner to become a naturalized citizen.
There is a long and meticulous process that must be followed and it is difficult for any foreigner to master on their own. Fortunately, there is a solution. If you are considering becoming a U.S. citizen, reading the following can save you unnecessary trouble.
Eligibility Requirements
According to the Naturalization Eligibility Worksheet’s instructions, anyone who wishes to apply for U.S. citizenship must be over 18 years old and have a certain number of years of permanent residence in the United States.
In addition, he or she must not be a permanent resident whose spouse died while on active duty in the U.S. military, an employee of a U.S. corporation, research institution, public international organization, or a clergyman.
Other conditions are not directly listed on the worksheet, probably because they are considered criteria for evaluating the application. Legal professionals, other professional associations, and even some individuals may be able to assist applicants in meeting the requirements.
Using the services of an attorney or association specializing in immigration law is an invaluable help.
Approaching the American Immigration Lawyers Association or an immigration attorney is a good solution for you as it will help you avoid making common mistakes. From checking eligibility and requirements to applying, they can walk you through the process to save you time, energy and money in your quest for citizenship.
Your path to naturalization will involve a series of steps. It is advisable to seek the assistance of an immigration lawyer to move your naturalization process forward. An attorney can help you:
- Find out if you are eligible to legally become a U.S. citizen.
- Gather all the information and documents necessary to prove your eligibility.
- Complete Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, with the assistance of an attorney or reputable organization.
- Submit Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, with the assistance of an attorney or reputable organization.
- Make an appointment for biometrics (fingerprints).
- Complete the interview.
- Receive a decision from the USCIS agency on your Form N-400, Application for Naturalization.
- Take the oath of the allegiance to the United States of America and finally,
- Know your rights and responsibilities as an American citizen.
An immigrant who has been recently naturalized
It is often said that those who have been somewhere have done half the work for newcomers. In order to avoid repeating the same mistakes, it is wiser to talk to someone who has been there.
It is true that the U.S. Immigration Services Center is constantly updating information on its website, but there will never be drastic changes overnight. Working with a friend who has just completed the process is always a good idea.
Community Organizations
You’ve probably noticed that many areas that were thought to be the exclusive domain of states or governments have been taken over by civil society organizations. Immigration and related issues, including assistance to people seeking naturalization, should be no exception.
Several civil society organizations have formed and are dedicated to providing valuable information and low-cost assistance to people seeking citizenship. They even organize evening or weekend classes to allow those who are free only after their regular work to enroll. However, you need to make sure that the organization you are applying to is officially recognized for this work.
Becoming a citizen can be difficult, but finding help will mitigate the risk and pave the way to a better outcome. I hope this article has helped you find some clues.
Need for help ?
Schedule a personal consultation with Attorney Richard Herman by calling 1-216-696-6170, or by booking online. Consultations can be conducted by zoom, skype, whatsapp, facetime, or in-office.
The DOJ has issued a memo on Internet hearings and sets forth guidelines to be applied to such hearings in immigration courts in the future. EOIR anticipates that hearings using Webex or other similar platforms will remain important to EOIR operations in the future. The memo is effective immediately.
Hearings before immigration judges may be held both in person and with one or more participants appearing via video or telephone from various locations outside the court. By following the guidelines and the questions most often asked, you will know exactly what to do or the process to follow.
The guidelines for internet hearings are as follows.
- The decision to have the immigration judge appear in court or remotely is up to the court and is made in accordance with agency policy and operational needs.
- The decision to have the defendant and his or her counsel appear in court or remotely is also the court’s decision.
The decision to have the respondent and his or her counsel appear in court or remotely is also a decision of the court, but the immigration judge must grant the respondent’s request to appear in court or remotely when appropriate and possible. For example
- When the respondent is represented, the immigration judge should generally grant requests for court or remote appearance by the respondent, the respondent’s attorney, or both.
- The court will not order an unrepresented defendant to appear remotely.
However, an unrepresented defendant may request to do so, and the immigration judge must generally grant that request.
- An immigration judge must grant a witness’s request to appear remotely when such a request is reasonable.
- A request to appear remotely or in person must be made in writing fifteen days before the hearing, unless waived by the immigration judge.
- If a defendant and counsel are both appearing remotely, they may appear together or from different locations. It is not necessary for the respondent and counsel to appear together from the attorney’s office.
- An immigration judge conducting an Internet hearing must confirm that all persons appearing at a distance are clearly visible on the screen and that all participants, whether at a distance or in the same location as the judge, can clearly hear everything that is said.
Frequently Asked Questions
Consistent with the advice of public health officials, the Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) has practices in place to protect all persons working at or visiting EOIR facilities nationwide.
We remain committed to practices that provide this essential information to all employees and visitors.
Q) What are the protocols for wearing masks?
A) In accordance with the new CDC guidelines, EOIR will regularly monitor county-level data to determine if masking is required for employees and visitors.
EOIR will use this data to determine the COVID-19 community level for a given EOIR building by looking at the COVID-19 community level for that building.
Q) Can an attorney file a motion to appear via Webex when the defendant plans to appear in person?
A) A party may file a motion for the respondent or representative to appear at a VTC hearing via Webex without affecting the other party’s in-person appearance. Please note that the Immigration Judge has the discretion to require an in-person or VTC appearance.
Q) Will the video recording of the Webex hearing be available for review?
A) EOIR does not video record hearings, including those conducted via Webex. Hearings (with the exception of bond review hearings) are recorded, in audio only, using the Digital Recording System (DAR). Recordings of hearings may be played by the parties upon prior agreement with immigration court staff.
Parties and the general public may also obtain copies of the DAR through the following means.
July 28, 2022
USCIS is currently experiencing delays in issuing receipts for Form I-589, Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal. Due to these delays, you may not receive a receipt notice in a timely manner after you properly file your Form I-589.
Form I-589 is a form that non-U.S. citizens who find themselves in the United States can file in order to apply for asylum and withholding of removal. The United States Center for Immigration Services stated recently on their website that they are currently experiencing delays which may cause applicants not to receive their receipt on time after they submit their application.
The institution also assured applicants that their filing date will be considered rather than when their file is processed in order for them not to be penalized during a certain number of operations or circumstances.
For example, when scheduling affirmative asylum interviews or when asylum seekers are requesting employment eligibility documents the filing date will be considered. Also the asylum one year filing deadline will be calculation by taking into consideration, not the date when their files are processed but their filing date.
Applicants however have to watch their steps and be very cautious while filing their applications as their files might be rejected if they fail to meet any of the requirements.
USCIS stated that they would take time to inform any applicants whose file is rejected of the reason for that. They can make appropriate corrections and resubmit their application. Submitting the same application many time is not a good idea either. The sole submission is enough. The institution advised applicants to be patient and calmly wait for their receipt after their application is filed.
Need to file an I-589 application? Here are a few things to consider.
Avoid procrastination
As mentioned earlier, the U.S. government gives a one year deadline to anyone who would like to apply for Asylum and for withholding of removal. This may seem a long period and give way to procrastination.
Given that the U.S. immigration officials treat security matters as very sensitive, finding yourself without any legal protection may cost you much more. The risk of deportation becomes very high. Better start earlier!
Avoid lying in your application
As it is with every immigration related matters, U.S. authorities give very careful attention to the processing of I-589. Any inconsistency in your files may lead them to the conclusion that you are lying and you may not only lose the opportunity to be considered an asylum seeker but you will permanently be denied any opportunity to immigrate to the U.S. in the future.
Give as much details as possible. For example, you may give more explanation about a date you can no longer remember. Use supplement B – Form I-589 for that purpose. If you are unsure what to do or how to fill the form you can seek assistance from an immigration legal practitioner.
Need for help?
Schedule a personal consultation with Attorney Richard Herman by calling 1-216-696-6170, or by booking online. Consultations can be conducted by zoom, skype, WhatsApp, facetime, or in-office.
The Trump administration before his departure had issued rules that made it more difficult for asylum seekers to obtain employment authorization or work permits.
These rules required asylum seekers to wait 365 days after applying for asylum before they could apply for a work permit, whereas asylum seekers had to wait until then, only 180 days.
Those thousands of asylum seekers who were not sure if they would qualify for a work permit had no choice but to seek advice from an immigration lawyer.
Thus began a long and complicated legal battle. After winning a legal battle against President Donald Trump’s administration over work authorization, asylum seekers are alarmed by long delays in renewing work permits that threaten to deprive hundreds of people of jobs in the United States. Understand everything in a few lines.
People may apply for asylum in the United States if they have suffered or fear persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in certain social groups.
While their application is pending, they can obtain work authorization from USCIS, valid for two years.
The agency’s regulations allow for an automatic extension of up to 180 days for asylum seekers whose work authorization has expired while their application is pending.
But what is really happening ?
But over the past year, and despite a change in administration, wait times have reached 10 months, according to the proposed class action.
The plaintiffs seek a court order requiring USCIS to adjudicate class members’ work authorization requests within the automatic 180 day extension period.
What types of jobs do the majority of asylum seekers hold?
The jobs held by asylum seekers range from truck drivers, critical to already struggling supply chains, to healthcare positions in high demand in the midst of the pandemic.
These delays will therefore have an impact not only on asylum seekers, but also on the U.S. economy. These delays are comparable to those experienced by spouses of high-skilled visa holders, who lost their jobs due to similar wait times for work documents.
What does the law say about extensions ?
Asylum seekers are eligible for an automatic 180-day extension of their work authorization if U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services does not process the extension requests before the work authorization expires.
But with wait times routinely exceeding six months for asylum seekers, concern over these delays.
What actions are being taken by asylum-seeker advocacy groups ?
Immigration advocates have filed a lawsuit against USCIS over wait times, arguing that delays in processing these routine applications have become unreasonable.
Filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California in San Francisco, the lawsuit follows another lawsuit filed by immigration advocates to stop regulations issued by the Trump administration that would have limited the ability of new asylum seekers to obtain initial work authorization in the United States.
Some harms
Delays by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services have slowed benefit turnaround times across the board, according to the plaintiffs, although continued employment is particularly important to asylum seekers, said Emma Winger, an attorney at the U.S. Immigration Council and counsel for the plaintiffs in the lawsuit.
The total number of work authorization applications received annually from asylum seekers has increased significantly in recent years. During 2014, USCIS received approximately 110,000 initial applications and renewals from these applicants. In FY 2019, the total number received exceeded 556,000, according to data released by the agency. Applicant wait times generally ranged from 2.6 to just under 4 months between FY 2017 and FY 2021.
But in December 2020, wait times to renew work authorization began to exceed six months. Policy changes in recent years have increased the review of various immigration benefits at USCIS, adding to delays across the board, according to claimant advocates.
A Government Accountability Office report released this year found that the agency has not put plans in place or identified resources to deal with the glut of pending cases.
Public commitments
Once work authorization applications receive a final decision, more than 90 percent of them are approved, said David Bier, a Cato Institute researcher.
The problem is that USCIS is not meeting its public commitments to process these applications within 180 days, he added. Winger, of the American Immigration Council, noted that asylum seekers facing job loss now were approved under the Trump administration two years ago.
Need for help ?
Schedule a personal consultation with Attorney Richard Herman by calling 1-216-696-6170, or by booking online. Consultations can be conducted by zoom, skype, whatsapp, facetime, or in-office.